Post-treatment techniques for high-performance perovskite solar cells
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Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have kept the photovoltaic research community on a fast track to the Shockley–Queisser limit,1,2 most recently, with a certified power-conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching 25.2%. In 2009, Miyasaka and coworkers pioneered a PCE of 3.8% with a liquid electrolyte.3 Just three years later, solid-state PVSCs were reported with a PCE of 10%, triggering the photovoltaic (PV) tsunami that has lasted until today.4,5 The record for the current PCE perovskite solar cell has already surpassed that for multicrystalline silicon solar cells (22.3%) and is approaching that for singlecrystal silicon solar cells (26.1%). The success of PVSCs is mainly attributed to the superior photovoltaic properties of the perovskite materials, such as a large absorption coefficient, suitable bandgap, good defect tolerance, and fast carrier transport.6–8 In this article, we summarize the recent progress in posttreatment techniques for perovskite film growth. We start by introducing the early technical developments and the bottlenecks of perovskite solar cells, mainly the nonradiative recombination channels. These are followed by a review of
post-treatment techniques, which are highly effective in mitigating the nonradiative recombination, followed by a forwardlooking outlook of this field.
Technical developments and bottleneck analysis A solid-state PVSC typically consists of a perovskite active layer, a hole-transport layer (HTL), an electron-transport layer (ETL), and current collecting electrodes (Figure 1a). The perovskite layer is the most important one, and thus has attracted much research effort. The development of fabrication methods and composition engineering have contributed greatly to this area. The sequential deposition method, consisting of PbI2 deposition first, followed by soaking in methylammonium iodide (MAI) solution to obtain MAPbI3,9 allows the perovskite to easily penetrate into the mesopores of a TiO2 ETL, while the one-step method uses chloride ions to modulate the perovskite formation dynamics, yielding films with few pinholes.10 Despite the much larger grain size of perovskites fabricated by the one-step method, pinholes still exist, leading to current
Shuang Xiao, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, China; [email protected] Yu Li, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, China; [email protected] Shizhao Zheng, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, China; [email protected] Shihe Yang, Peking University, China; and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; [email protected] doi:10.1557/mrs.2020.141 • VOLUME • JUNE at © 2020 Materials Research Society East Carolina University, on 17 Jun 2020 at 16:40:37, subject to the Cambridge MRS BULLETIN 2020• Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Core terms of use,45 available https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.141
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Post-treatment techniques for high-performance
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