Surfactant removal from wastewater using photo-cathode microbial fuel cell and laterite-based hybrid treatment system
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RESEARCH PAPER
Surfactant removal from wastewater using photo‑cathode microbial fuel cell and laterite‑based hybrid treatment system S. M. Sathe1 · G. D. Bhowmick2 · B. K. Dubey1 · M. M. Ghangrekar1 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a widely used anionic surfactant, which finds its way to the receiving water body due to the incapability of conventional wastewater treatment systems to completely remove it. A hybrid treatment system consisting of upflow microbial fuel cell (MFC) with titanium dioxide ( TiO2) as a photocathode catalyst was developed for treating synthetic wastewater spiked with SDS (10.00 ± 0.46 mg L−1). Effluent from anodic chamber of MFC was passed through raw laterite soil filter followed by the photo-cathodic chamber with T iO2-coated cathode irradiated with the UV spectrum. This hybrid system was operated under varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) in anodic chamber of MFC. The SDS removal efficiency of more than 96% along with organic matter removal efficiency of more than 71% was obtained by this hybrid system at different HRTs. The MFC having cathode coated with T iO2 could generate a maximum power density of 0.73 W m−3 and −3 0.46 W m at the HRT of 12 h and 8 h, respectively, showing the adverse effect of increased SDS loading rate on the electrical performance of MFC. This investigation highlighted the importance of HRT in anodic chamber of MFC and offered solution for effective removal of surfactant from wastewater. Graphic abstract
UV-A
Outlet
Settling tank Photocathode Anode
COD: 486±16 mg
L-1
Anodic chamber effluent
Laterite filter effluent Photocathodic effluent
80 70 60
60 Po we r de ns ity (mW m-2)
Re mo v al e fficiency (%)
Performance of hybrid system at optimum HRT of 12 h
90
50
Laterite filter
Upflow MFC with TiO2 cathode catalyst
SDS: 10.6±0.4 mg L-1
Parameter
COD
Power density and polarization at optimum HRT of 12 h
50
800 600
40
400
30 20
200
10 0
SDS
SDS: 0.4 ± 0.03 mg L-1
0
50
100 150 Current density (A m-2)
200
250
Voltage (mV)
Inlet
100
COD: 137 ± 10 mg L-1
0
Keywords Cathode catalyst · Laterite soil filter · Microbial fuel cell · Sodium dodecyl sulphate · Titanium dioxide · Wastewater treatment Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02396-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Introduction The water scarcity has now become a global issue because of the rapid increase in population and growth in industrial activities. The freshwater reserves’ availability indicates a sharp decline worldwide from 7370 m 3 yr−1 capita−1 in 3 −1 2000 to the projected 5717 m yr capita−1 in the year 2025 and global water demand is expected to reach 70% of the available freshwater by the year 2025 [1, 2]. This grim freshwater
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