Surrogates for Biodiesel: Review and Challenges
Biodiesel is being considered as a renewable fuel candidate to completely or partially replace fossil diesel. Understanding its combustion is key to assess its applicability in practical compression ignition engines. Significant progress has been made in
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Abstract Biodiesel is being considered as a renewable fuel candidate to completely or partially replace fossil diesel. Understanding its combustion is key to assess its applicability in practical compression ignition engines. Significant progress has been made in understanding biodiesel combustion through experimental studies, development of reaction kinetics to describe its oxidation, and simulations in typical engine environments. The use of surrogates in place of the real biodiesels plays a crucial role in this endeavour. This chapter reviews the existing studies revolving around surrogate fuels for biodiesels. Thereafter, the challenges ahead in this context to further enhance our knowledge of biodiesel combustion are presented, and possible options to address these are discussed where appropriate. Keywords Biodiesel
Surrogate Chemical kinetics Challenges
List of Abbreviations MB MB2D MD MD5D MD9D nC7 CN NTC LHV CFPP JSR RME PME HCCI NOx
Methyl butanoate Methyl crotonate Methyl decanoate Methyl-5-decanoate Methyl-9-decanoate n-heptane Cetane number Negative temperature coefficient Lower heating value Cold filter plugging point Jet stirred reactor Rapeseed methyl ester Palm methyl ester Homogeneous charge compression ignition Nitrogen oxides
A.D. Lele K. Anand K. Narayanaswamy (&) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 A.K. Agarwal et al. (eds.), Biofuels, Green Energy and Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3791-7_10
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1 Introduction In the wake of depleting fossil fuel resources, the use of renewable and alternate fuels has gathered momentum. Biodiesel is one such fuel, which has shown the potential to partially or completely substitute diesel fuel [1]. Biodiesel is typically derived from plant oil or animal fat using trans-esterification [2]. Existing engine design and operating strategies have evolved with fossil fuels as the principal focus. The use of biodiesel in compression ignition (CI) engines requires no major engine modifications, and therefore makes it an attractive replacement for diesel fuel [3]. To assess and quantify the use of these alternative fuels in practical engines, understand their combustion behavior, reactivity, and emission characteristics using computations, it is important to incorporate finite rate chemistry in these studies. In the case of fossil derived fuels, which are a mixture of several hundreds of species belonging to different hydrocarbon classes, a reaction mechanism that describes the oxidation of the complex mixture is impractical. Therefore, in computational studies, the notion of using a representative simpler surrogate fuel in place of the real fuel, which reproduces certain target properties of the real fuel is the practical way forward when dealing with fuels such as kerosene [4, 5], diesel [6, 7], and gasoline [8]. On the contrary, most biodiesels, consist of only a few major components (4–6) as shown in Table
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