Survey on Wireless Networks Coexistence: Resource Sharing in the 5G Era
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Survey on Wireless Networks Coexistence: Resource Sharing in the 5G Era Ali Mamadou Mamadou1
¨ Toussaint1 · Gerard ´ · Joel Chalhoub1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The next generation of mobile-enabled wireless networks, known as 5G networks, is announced to be deployed by 2020. In the 5G framework, access technologies are one of the main features that would allow users to seamlessly connect to the Internet using any of the available technologies. These technologies are going to coexist in the same physical environment. This coexistence has the advantage of offering the user multiple options for establishing communications. On the other hand, existing and upcoming wireless standards have not given this coexistence enough attention. In this paper, we survey existing communication protocols, techniques and mechanisms, as well as features of the 5G communication standards that allow technology to cope well with coexistence. We focus on access layer solutions that can be used in unlicensed frequency bands. We also argue that resource sharing should be extended not only to manage the available spectrum but also the available physical systems. We argue in this paper that resource sharing mechanisms would have a positive impact on the 5G infrastructure for better spectrum efficiency. Keywords Networks coexistence · Spectrum efficiency · Resource sharing · Connected cities · 5G
1 Introduction Academies, industries, and standardization bodies are working around the world to build and meet the vision of 5G networks [1]. They all agree to the fact that 5G has to be a heterogeneous networking environment [2, 3] with the integration of licensed and unlicensed technologies [4, 5]. Indeed, this will ensure that technologies can profit from the use of any available bandwidth in the area of deployment. The main vision of 5G is to enable a global wireless connectivity by bringing together all network actors and elements (e.g. people, things, cities, applications and data) by 2020 and beyond. Hence, the convergence and the coexistence of networks in a globally harmonised Ali Mamadou Mamadou
ali.mamadou [email protected] Jo¨el Toussaint [email protected] G´erard Chalhoub [email protected] 1
University of Clermont Auvergne, 5 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubi`ere, France
communication network environment is as necessary as it is inevitable. (i) A necessity: because network convergence could be a solution for optimization aspects needed in the global 5G concept, such as throughput, latency, coverage and load balancing. In this perspective, the industrial consortium WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) reviewed in [5] candidate technologies and made some standardization proposals on currently ongoing standardization efforts [6]. Networks convergence is already used in Internet Exchange Points (IXP), where many Internet Service Providers (ISP) share the same routing and switching infrastructures for cost efficiency. Therefore, one can also imagine resource sharing applied to 5G ne
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