Survival Analysis A Self-Learning Text

This greatly expanded third edition of Survival Analysis- A Self-learning Text provides a highly readable description of state-of-the-art methods of analysis of survival/event-history data. This text is suitable for researchers and statisticians working i

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David G. Kleinbaum Mitchel Klein

Survival Analysis A Self-Learning Text Third Edition

Statistics for Biology and Health Series Editors M. Gail, K. Krickeberg, J.M. Samet, A. Tsiatis, W. Wong

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/2848

David G. Kleinbaum Mitchel Klein

Survival Analysis A Self‐Learning Text Third Edition

David G. Kleinbaum Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University 1518 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30322 USA [email protected]

Mitchel Klein Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University 1518 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30322 USA [email protected]

Series Editors M. Gail National Cancer Institute Rockville, MD 20892 USA

K. Krickeberg Le Ch€ atelet F-63270 Manglieu France

A. Tsiatis Department of Statistics North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

W. Wong Department of Statistics Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 USA

J.M. Samet Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University 615 Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21205 USA

SAS1 and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. 1 indicates USA registration. SPSS1 is a registered trademark of SPSS Inc. STATA1 and the STATA1 logo are registered trademarks of StataCorp LP. ISSN 1431-8776 ISBN 978-1-4419-6645-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6646-9 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6646-9 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 1996, 2005, 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To

Rachel Robinson Morris Dees Aung San Suu Kyi John Lewis

And countless other persons, well-known or unknown, who have had the courage to stand up for their beliefs for the benefit of humanity.

Preface This is the third edition of this text on survival analysis, originally published in 1996. As in the first and second editions, each chapter contains a presentation of its topic in “lecture-book” format together with objectives, an outline, key formulae, practice exercises, and a test. The “lecture-book” format has a sequence of illustrations and formulae in the left column of each page and a script in