Survival of Solanum jamesii Tubers at Freezing Temperatures
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Survival of Solanum jamesii Tubers at Freezing Temperatures John Bamberg 1
&
Kevin Lombard 2 & Jiwan P. Palta 3 & Beth Ann Workmaster 3 & Amaya Atucha 3
Accepted: 25 August 2020 # The Potato Association of America 2020
Abstract Potato cultivars are propagated by tubers which are sensitive to damage by freezing. Potato has about 100 related wild Solanum species growing naturally in the Americas. When tubers of a spectrum of these species were slowly cooled, most were killed at a few degrees below 0 C. Only tubers of Solanum jamesii, native to the southwest USA, remained firm, sprouted and grew after one week exposure to freezing temperatures as cold as -15C. Differential Thermal Analysis was performed to detect low temperature exotherms (LTEs) in jamesii and similar-sized tubers of cultivars Russet Burbank and Snowden. LTEs, indicating supercooling, were detected only in the jamesii tubers. Survival of potato tubers at freezing temperatures could be useful in several ways. Even non-lethal cold exposure of potato tubers at harvest reduces quality for eating and for seed, but storage at freezing temperatures without damage could help preserve tuber dormancy and limit diseases. Resumen Las variedades de papa se propagan por tubérculos, que son sensibles al daño por congelamiento. La papa tiene como 100 especies silvestres de Solanum relacionadas que crecen de forma natural en las Américas. Cuando enfriamos tubérculos lentamente en un espectro de esas especies, la mayoría murió a unos cuantos grados de 0 °C. Solo tubérculos de Solanum jamesii, nativa del suroeste de EUA, permanecieron firmes, brotaron y crecieron después de una semana de exposición a temperaturas congelantes tan frías como a − 15 °C. Se condujo un análisis diferencial térmico para detectar exotermas de baja temperatura (LTEs) en jamesii y en tubérculos de tamaño similar de las variedades Russet Burbank y Snowden. Se detectaron LTEs indicando super enfriamiento solo en los tubérculos de jamesii. La sobrevivencia de los tubérculos de papa a temperaturas congelantes pudiera ser útil de varias maneras. Aún la exposición a temperaturas frías no letales de tubérculos de papa en la cosecha reduce la calidad para ingestión y para semilla. Por otro lado, la sobrevivencia a temperaturas congelantes en el almacén pudiera ayudar a preservar la dormancia de los tubérculos y limitar las enfermedades. Keywords Potato . Tuber freezing . Supercooling . Freezing avoidance . Low temperature exotherms
Introduction The potato crop of commerce is a heterozygous tetraploid so does not “breed true” as botanical seed propagules. In traditional breeding programs one selects a single elite seedling which then must be propagated clonally as much and as long as there is a market for that cultivar. Thus, every year in the
* John Bamberg [email protected] 1
USDA/Agricultural Research Service, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy. 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235, USA
2
New Mexico State University, Farmington, NM, USA
3
Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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