Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2014 Proceedings of the 6th ICSA

This volume collects the research papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Sustainable Automotive Technologies (ICSAT), Gothenburg, 2014. The topical focus lies on latest advances in vehicle technology related to sustainable mobility. ICSAT

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Ingemar Denbratt Aleksandar Subic Jörg Wellnitz Editors

Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2014 Proceedings of the 6th ICSAT

Lecture Notes in Mobility Series editor Gereon Meyer, Berlin, Germany

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11573

Ingemar Denbratt Aleksandar Subic Jörg Wellnitz •

Editors

Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2014 Proceedings of the 6th ICSAT

123

Editors Ingemar Denbratt Applied Mechanics Chalmers University of Technology Goteborg Sweden

Jörg Wellnitz Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany

Aleksandar Subic School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering RMIT University Bundoora Australia

ISSN 2196-5544 Lecture Notes in Mobility ISBN 978-3-319-17998-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17999-5

ISSN 2196-5552

(electronic)

ISBN 978-3-319-17999-5

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015939676 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The world’s population is growing rapidly; it is expected to increase from 7 billion people today to between 8 and 9 billion in 2030. In the same time frame, the global road fleet will grow from 1 billion vehicles today to an expected 1.7 billion. This, together with rising gross national products, will push energy consumption to ever higher levels, causing further increases in atmospheric CO2 levels. Moreover, air pollution is becoming a serious issue in megacities. There is a broad consensus that the burning of fossil fuels must be reduced in the future, mainly by increasing energy efficiency but also by gradually increasing the contribution of renewable fuels to the global energy mix. There are many factors that will affect future developments in transport and energy u