Sustainable Bioenergy and Bioproducts Value Added Engineering Applic
Sustainable Bioenergy and Bioproducts considers the recent technological innovations and emerging concepts in biobased energy production and coproducts utilization. Each chapter in this book has been carefully selected and contributed by experts in
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Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan J. (Hans) van Leeuwen Robert C. Brown •
Editors
Sustainable Bioenergy and Bioproducts Value Added Engineering Applications
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Dr. Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA e-mail: [email protected]
Robert C. Brown Iowa State University Marston Hall 411 Ames IA 50011 USA e-mail: [email protected]
J. (Hans) van Leeuwen Iowa State University Town Engineering Building 376 Ames IA 50011 USA e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1865-3529 ISBN 978-1-4471-2323-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-2324-8
e-ISSN 1865-3537 e-ISBN 978-1-4471-2324-8
Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011941718 Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The twenty-first century saw rapid expansion into making liquid fuel production more sustainable by producing ethanol from corn starch. Brazil already pioneered ethanol from sugar cane, but a logical step was to use corn from the world’s most prolific agricultural production area, the USA’s Midwest. Ethanol production in the US jumped in a few years from a few billion gallons to fourteen billion gallons, all in less than a decade, to become the world leaders in biofuels production. This is a remarkable achievement of free enterprise, mainly driven by smaller companies and farmer owned consortia. While corn is not the answer to replacing fossil fuel sources due to production limitations, the industry made a brave statement in replacing almost 10% of all liquid fuel needs. What is more, ethanol is a very clean octane enhancer and avoids the pollution of water resources found with the previously and still used MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) from petroleum sources. The production cost of ethanol from corn i
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