Sustainable cultivation via waste soybean extract for higher vaccenic acid production by purple non-sulfur bacteria
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Sustainable cultivation via waste soybean extract for higher vaccenic acid production by purple non‑sulfur bacteria Thị Yến Hoàng1 · Kuan Shiong Khoo2 · Hà Lại Thị Ngọc3 · Quỳnh Trần Thị Thu1,4 · Tuyên Đỗ Thị1 · Hang Đinh Thị Thu4 · Ha Chu Hoàng1 · Sasikala Chinthalapati5 · Chyi‑How Lay6 · Pau Loke Show2 Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 9 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The biomass production of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum HPB.6 was optimized via response surface methodology (RSM), and the optimal medium components such as waste soybean extract, yeast extract, and Mg2+ were determined using “one-singlefactor-at-one-time” approach. RSM used a three-factor and central composite rotatable design consisting of 21 experimental runs conducted to optimize the final medium components. The optimized conditions were as follows: 2.723 g/L waste soybean extract, 3 g/L yeast extract, and 22 mg/L M g2+. Under optimized conditions of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum HPB.6, the biomass production was 4.665 ± 0.326 g/L, which was 5.7-folds higher than that under non-optimized conditions. Besides that, the total lipid production was 5.7 times higher corresponding to the increase in biomass productivity. In addition, there was a change in total fatty acid composition with omega 7 and omega 9 which increased from 55.4 to 62.21 and from 3.4 to 9.41, respectively, while omega 6 decreased from 9.79 to 4.54 and omega 3 could not be detected. This exploration of waste soybean under optimized conditions would be a significant impact for the higher biomass production from Rhodovulum sulfidophilum HPB.6. Graphic abstract
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Keywords Rhodovulum sulfidophilum · Vaccenic acid · Validated model · Biomass production · Waste soybean extract
Introduction Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are a physiological group of bacteria distributed among either alpha or beta-proteobacteria that can carry out photosynthesis in the absence of oxygen production (Imhoff 1989). PNSB are the most diverse and most useful group of bacteria for various biotechnological applications like single-cell protein (SCP), bioactive compounds, and wastewater treatment and especially for functional food formation compounds (Sasikala and Ramana 1995). Functional food rich with unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., omega 3, 6, 7, 9) is beneficial to human health. It is proven to be proficient of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune system modulator, and strengthens the cardiovascular system and mucous membrane tissue regenerator (Innes and Calder 2020; Koyande et al. 2019). Many studies have positively correlated essential fatty acids with reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, infant development, cancer prevention, optimal brain and vision functioning, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders (Kaur et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2013). PNSB are particul
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