Sustainable design of fully recyclable all solid-state batteries
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© Materials Research Society 2020. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Sustainable design of fully recyclable all solid-state batteries
Darren H. S. Tan, †Panpan Xu, †Hedi Yang, Min-cheol Kim, Han Nguyen, Erik A. Wu, Jean-Marie Doux, and Abhik Banerjee, Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Ying Shirley Meng , Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sustainable Power & Energy Center (SPEC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Zheng Chen , Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Sustainable Power & Energy Center (SPEC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Program of Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Address all correspondence to Zheng Chen at [email protected] † The authors Darren H.S. Tan and Panpan Xu contributed equally to the work. (Received 23 May 2020; accepted 17 July 2020)
ABSTRACT A scalable battery recycling strategy to recover and regenerate solid electrolytes and cathode materials in spent all solid-state batteries, reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gases. With the rapidly increasing ubiquity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sustainable battery recycling is a matter of growing urgency. The major challenge faced in LIB sustainability lies with the fact that the current LIBs are not designed for recycling, making it difficult to engineer recycling approaches that avoid breaking batteries down into their raw materials. Thus, it is prudent to explore new approaches to both fabricate and recycle next-generation batteries before they enter the market. Here, we developed a sustainable design and scalable recycling strategy for next-generation all solid-state batteries (ASSBs). We use the EverBatt model to analyze the relative energy consumption and environmental impact compared to conventional recycling methods. We demonstrate efficient separation and recovery of spent solid electrolytes and electrodes from a lithium metal ASSB and directly regenerate them into usable formats without damaging their core chemical structure. The recycled materials are then reconstituted to fabricate new batteries, achieving similar performance as pristine ASSBs, completing the cycle. This work demonstrates the first fully recycled ASSB and provides critical design consideration for future sustainable batteries. Keywords: energy storage; Li; life cycle; recycling
Introduction
DISCUSSION POINTS • Battery Recycling – Should battery recycling be internationally mandated as adoption rates increase? • Recycling methods – Should battery manufacturers incorporate recycling friendly configurations at the expense of cos
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