Sustainable Metals Management Securing our Future - Steps Towards a
Metals have been essential to human civilisation for many thousands of years. With a broad range of applications they have found their way into virtually every aspect of our daily lives. Their durable and recyclable properties should make them ideal
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ECO-EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRY AND SCIENCE VOLUME 19 Series Editor: Arnold Tukker, TNO-STB, Delft, The Netherlands Editorial Advisory Board: Martin Charter, Centre for Sustainable Design, The Surrey Institute of Art & Design, Farnham, United Kingdom John Ehrenfeld, International Society for Industrial Ecology, New Haven, U.S.A. Gjalt Huppes, Centre of Environmental Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands Reid Lifset, Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, U.S.A. Theo de Bruijn, Center for Clean Technology and Environmental Policy (CSTM), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Sustainable Metals Management Securing our Future - Steps Towards a Closed Loop Economy
Edited by
Arnim von Gleich University of Bremen, Germany
Robert U. Ayres INSEAD, Fontainebleau Cedex, France and
Stefan Gößling-Reisemann University of Bremen, Germany
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-4007-5 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4007-8 ( HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-4539-5 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4539-4 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.
Contents
Acknowledgements
vii
Foreword
ix
Preface
xi
Sustainability and Metals 1 Outlines of a Sustainable Metals Industry Arnim von Gleich 2 Metallic Raw Materials – Constituents of our Economy Friedrich-Wilhelm Wellmer, Markus Wagner
1 3 41
Economy, Thermodynamics, and Sustainability 69 3 Aluminium W. Kuckshinrichs, W.R. Poganietz 71 4 Prospects for a Sustainable Aluminum Industry P.N. Martens, M. Mistry, M. Ruhrberg 97 5 Towards a Sustainable Copper Industry? Frank Messner 113 6 An Application of Exergy Accounting to Five Basic Metal Industries Robert U. Ayres, Leslie W. Ayres, Andrea Masini 141 7 Entropy as a Measure for Resource Consumption - Application to Primary and Secondary Copper Production Stefan Gößling-Reisemann 195 8 Dematerialization of the Metals Turnover Sten Karlsson 237
Contents
vi 9
Sustainability Strategies in Field Trial A. von Gleich, M. Gottschick, D. Jepsen, K. Sanders
Metals Materials Flows 10 Limits of Metal Recycling Georg Rombach 11 Secondary Materials in Steel Production and Recycling D. Janke, L. Savov, M.E. Vogel 12 Optimisation Possibilities of Copper Smelting and -Processing Joachim Krüger 13 The Hamburger Aluminium-Werk GmbH’s Contribution to a Sustainable Closed Loop Aluminium System Hans-Christof Wrigge, Hans Albers 14 S
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