Sweet Basil Growth, Physiological and Ultrastructural Modification, and Oxidative Defense System Under Water Deficit and
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Sweet Basil Growth, Physiological and Ultrastructural Modification, and Oxidative Defense System Under Water Deficit and Silicon Forms Treatment S. Farouk1 · M. M. Omar2 Received: 20 May 2019 / Accepted: 14 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The current investigation aimed to evaluate the role of silicon forms on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) biomass and essential oil (EO) production, as well as some physiological and ultrastructural modification under different irrigation regimes. Drought significantly decreased plant growth, photosynthetic pigment, ion, relative water content, catalase activity, and EO yield, meanwhile, increased organic and antioxidant solute concentration, EO percentage, peroxidase activity, and oxidative impairment criteria (hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and membrane permeability percentage). Concerning EO constituents, linalool and methyl chavicol were the major components that decreased under drought relative to well-watered plants. Exogenous application of silicon forms under well-watered or drought condition may fully or partially compensate to some extent to sweet basil plant development and biochemical attributes (photosynthetic pigment, ion percentage, antioxidant solutes, and organic osmolytes). The maximum EO yield was obtained by 250 mg L−1 sodium metasilicate (Si) under mild drought. Cell organelles exhibited a different degree of malformation and lyse under severe drought; conversely, application of Si forms nullify the abovementioned injuries caused by drought. In conclusion, application of 250 mg L−1 Si improved drought tolerance in sweet basil herb and EO yield by accelerating their antioxidant system, osmoregulation, and maintaining organelles ultrastructure that induced herb growth and EO yield. Keywords Essential oil · Drought · Oxidative stress · Silicon · Ultrastructure · Zeolite
Introduction Biogenic volatile organic compounds and essential oil (EO) are plant secondary metabolites, with imperative natural functions within the defense and signaling strategies. In the last decade, EO has received an extensive awareness as a source of bioactive natural products. They have been used since earliest times and are still extensively applied in diverse food, cosmetics, perfumery, and pharmacy industries due to their biological properties (Burt 2004; Teles Andrade et al. 2014). The worldwide EO production was approximately 50–100 ton per annum (Lubbe and Verpoorte * S. Farouk [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Botany, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
2
2011). Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae) is the most economically important popular aromatic and medicinal plants worldwide, containing more than 150 different annual and perennial herbs and shrubs (Roman 2012). Traditionally, the sweet basil plant is used in folk medicine for several years as a remedy for a numerous diseases, including c
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