Symposium B
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The symposium "Defect Properties and Processing of High-Technology Nonmetallic Materials" is the first in the MRS series devoted exclusively to the rapidly expanding field of high-technology nonmetallic materials. The symposium provided a forum for dialogue between the ceramist and the physicist. By all accounts it was highly successful. The attendance was greater than had been anticipated and fluctuated between 100 and 150 for the 3 1/2 days, which included Thursday morning. The properties of ceramics are very important when they are considered for practical devices. Warping, cracking, and shrinking limit the useful applications of ceramics. Nonetheless, ceramic materials are currently used extensively and account for about $40 billion in low valueadded products (glass, cement, etc.) and $2 billion of high value-added components (electronics). At this meeting the sintering, plasma sintering, and shock compaction of useful ceramic materials were discussed. Densification rates are higher for shocked materials. Progress toward the production of reproducible ceramic parts is being made through materials preparation by hydrothermal and polymerization techniques and shock treatment. One of the sessions dealt with structure and impurity distribution in a variety of binary and ternary oxides. J. Narayan summarized the recent advances, performed at Oak Ridge, relating to formation of metal precipitates by reduction treatment of oxides and how these often influence the physical and mechanical behavior of those materials. C.W. White, also of Oak Ridge, discussed recent work in the understanding of ion implantation of impurities into refractory oxides, especially a-Al 2 O 3 , devoting attention to the use of Rutherford backscattering as a tool for assessing damage to both cation and anion sublattices and the location of the impurity after a variety of thermal treatments. These invited papers set the stage for a variety of contributions devoted to the influence of impurities upon phase stability and physical and mechanical behavior of a variety of oxides including electro-optical materials. An important paper which reviewed the considerable recent progress in understanding reliability of brittle ceramics in mechanical service was presented by A.G. Evans of Berkeley. This, together with a survey of the influence of processing variables on the nature of defects in silicon carbide by R.F. Davis of North Carolina State, served to introduce a number of papers on advanced processing of ceramics, among which were several papers on shock modification. The influence of point defects in a-quartz has become an important technological as well as basic physics topic.
W.A. SIBLEY (left), J.H. CRAWFORD and Y. CHEN Current progress in this area was summarized by D.R. Koehler of Sandia. Other papers on dielectric loss, photoplasticity, and photo-induced optical switching in insulators rounded out this session on potential device applications. Three invited papers led off the session on transport phenomena. Unusual transport behaviors of compo
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