Synchronous Paradigm in Embedded Systems
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Editorial Synchronous Paradigm in Embedded Systems Alain Girault,1 S. Ramesh,2 and Jean-Pierre Talpin1 1 INRIA, 2 IIT
France Bombay, India
Received 19 June 2007; Accepted 19 June 2007 Copyright © 2007 Alain Girault et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Synchronous languages were introduced in the 1980s for programing reactive systems. Such systems are characterized by their continuous reaction to their environment, at a speed determined by the latter. Reactive systems include embedded control software and hardware. Synchronous languages have recently seen a tremendous interest from leading companies developing automatic control software and hardware for critical applications. Industrial success stories have been achieved by Schneider Electric, Airbus, Dassault Aviation, Snecma, MBDA, Arm, ST Microelectronics, Texas Instruments, Freescale, Intel, and so on. The key reason for the success is in the rigorous mathematical semantics provided by the synchronous approach that allows programers to develop critical software and hardware in a faster and safer way. Indeed, an important feature of synchronous paradigm is that the tools and environments supporting development of synchronous programs are based upon a formal mathematical model defined by the semantics of the languages. The compilation involves the construction of these formal models, and their analysis for static properties, their optimization, the synthesis of executable sequential implementations, and the automated distribution of programs. It can also build a model of the dynamical behaviors, in the form of a transition system, upon which is based the analysis of dynamical properties, for example, through model-checking-based verification, or discrete controller synthesis. Hence, synchronous programing is at the cross-roads of many approaches in compilation, formal analysis and verification techniques, and software or hardware implementations generation. We invited for this special issue of the journal original papers on all aspects of the synchronous paradigm for embedded systems, including theory and applications. We received initially 9 papers for the special issue. After the first round of reviews, 7 papers were short-listed or recommended for ma-
jor revision or resubmission. All the authors came back with resubmissions which were subjected to an additional round of rigorous reviews, which resulted in the 5 papers that appear in this special issue. In the paper titled “A domain-specific language for multitask systems, applying discrete controller synthesis” by G. Delaval and E. Rutten, a programing language for multitasking real-time control systems called Nemo is proposed. Nemo specifies a control layer, on top of the computation layer underlying an embedded application. The idea is to specify a set of resources with usage constraints, a set of modes of each task with i
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