Synthesis and Characterization of 17 Cr Ferritic ODS Steel Developed Through Vacuum Hot Pressing
In the present investigation, on 17 Cr ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel composition of (430L + 0.3Y2O3 + 0.5ZrO2 + 0.1Ti) wt% (alloy A) and (430L + 0.3Y2O3 + 0.5ZrO2 + 0.1Ti + 4Al) wt% (alloy B) were developed through mechanical alloying
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Abstract In the present investigation, on 17 Cr ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel composition of (430L + 0.3Y2 O3 + 0.5ZrO2 + 0.1Ti) wt% (alloy A) and (430L + 0.3Y2 O3 + 0.5ZrO2 + 0.1Ti + 4Al) wt% (alloy B) were developed through mechanical alloying (MA) using VHP (vacuum hot pressing). The mechanically alloyed powders were taken at different milling time intervals for confirming the nanocrystalline size using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Finally, 20 h of milled powders were consolidated through vacuum hot pressing (VHP) at 1180 °C in the pressure levels of 60 MPa, and the cooling rate of 50° C/min. Throughout the experiments, the vacuum level was maintained by 10−3 Torr. Hot-pressed samples were subjected to densification studies; microstructural examination and hardness were analyzed in the current study. The nanocrystalline size of 3.6 nm (alloy A) and 6 nm (alloy B) were obtained at 20 h of milling time. The highest hot-pressed density of 7.60 g/cc (99% theoretical density) was acquired for aluminium-free ferritic ODS steel (alloy A) pressure at 60 MPa, whereas aluminium-contained alloy B lesser hot-pressed density of 7.34 g/cc was obtained. The microstructures of alloy A and alloy B containing ferrite along with complex oxides such as (Y–Zr–Ti–O) and (Y–Zr–Ti–Al–O), which is evident from TEM-EDS analysis. Alloy A has a higher hardness (870 VHN) due to the fine grains structure of material compared with alloy B (764 VHN). Keywords Ferritic ODS steel · Mechanical alloying (MA) · Vacuum hot pressing (VHP) · TEM-EDS · X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
1 Introduction For advanced fission and fusion reactions, a promising material is oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic stainless steel (FSS). The presence of highly dense G. Dharmalingam (B) · S. Prabhukumar · M. Arun Prasad Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600062, India e-mail: [email protected] © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 N. Gascoin and E. Balasubramanian (eds.), Innovative Design, Analysis and Development Practices in Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_30
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nano-sized oxide particles in ferritic ODS steels has better resistance to neutron irradiation which acts as a barrier for dislocation and further resisting embrittlement and void swelling when compared with conventional ferritic steels. For heat resistance, structural applications like fast breeder reactors and thermal power plant high chromium FSS are widely used. Schroeder and Klueh et al. [1, 2] reported that for high-temperature applications the BCC (body-centred cubic crystal) FSS will have good swelling resistance, high tensile/compressive strength, good oxidation resistance, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, and creep resistance. But Kim et al.
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