Synthesis and characterization of lanthanide-doped sodium holmium fluoride nanoparticles for potential application in ph
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Synthesis and characterization of lanthanide-doped sodium holmium fluoride nanoparticles for potential application in photothermal therapy Kaushik DAS1, G. A. KUMAR2,3,4, Leonardo MIRANDOLA5, Maurizio CHIRIVA-INTERNATI5,6,7, and Jharna CHAUDHURI (✉)1,7 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA 3 Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India 4 Department of Natural and Physical Sciences, Northwest Vista College, 3535 N Ellison Dr, San Antonio, TX 78251, USA 5 Kiromic BioPharma, 7707 Fannin St., Suite 140, Houston, TX 77054, USA 6 Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 7 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, PO Box 751, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
ABSTRACT: Upconversion nanoparticles (UC NPs) in combination with plasmonic materials have great potential for cancer photothermal therapy. Recently, sodium holmium fluoride (NaHoF4) is being investigated for luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Here, we present successful synthesis of excellent quality doped NaHoF4 NPs for possible UC luminescence application and coated for possible photothermal therapy application. Synthesized NaHoF4 nanocrystals were doped with Yb/Er and coated with gold, gold/silica, silver and polypyrrole (PPy). XRD, XPS and TEM were used to determine structure and morphology of the NPs. Strong UC photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra were obtained from the NPs when excited by near-infrared (NIR) light at 980 nm. Cell viability and toxicity of the NPs were characterized using pancreatic and ovarian cancer cells with results showing that gold/ silica coating produced least toxicity followed by gold coating. KEYWORDS: photothermal therapy; upconversion; photoluminescence; nanoparticle; sodium holmium fluoride
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Synthesis 2.1.1 Materials 2.1.2 Synthesis of gold-decorated NaHoF4: Yb3+,Er3+ NPs Received July 27, 2019; accepted September 11, 2019 E-mail: [email protected]
2.1.3 Synthesis of gold-decorated NaHoF4: Yb3+,Er3+/silica core–shell NPs 2.1.4 Synthesis of silver-decorated NaHoF4: Yb3+,Er3+ NPs 2.1.5 Synthesis of NaHoF4:Yb3+,Er3+/PPy core–shell NPs 2.2 Characterization 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Structure and morphology characterization 3.2 PL spectra analysis 3.3 Cell viability and toxicity study
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Front. Mater. Sci.
4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References
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Introduction
Rare earth (RE)-doped nanocrystals have tremendous applications in the biomedical area such as in vitro and in vivo multimodal bioimaging, intracellular thermal sensing, image guided therapy and site-specific delivery of drugs [1–3]. When compared with semiconductor qua
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