Synthesis and electrochemical properties of benzoxazine-based heteroatom-doped carbon materials
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Synthesis and electrochemical properties of benzoxazinebased heteroatom-doped carbon materials Xiaoli Gao1, Xiaobo Sun1, Li Xu1,a), Haihan Zhang1, Guoji Liu1 1
School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
a)
Received: 8 November 2018; accepted: 25 February 2019
In this work, the nitrogen-doped carbon materials (NCM) and nitrogen/sulfur codoped carbon materials (NSCM) were prepared using conventional benzoxazine (BOZ) and sulfur-containing benzoxazine as precursor and SBA15 as template. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of carbon materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge– discharge. The results show that the as-prepared carbon materials have ordered mesoporous structure, large specific surface area, and excellent electrochemical properties. The NSCM treated at 800 °C exhibit an extremely high specific capacitance of 550 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g in 0.5 mol H2SO4 electrolyte, which shows great improvement compared with NCM. The nitrogen/sulfur codoping is suggested to be a very effective method to improve the performance of carbon materials, and the NSCM should be a promising candidate as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Introduction With the continuous development of human society and technology, energy consumption is increasing. At the same time, the problem of energy shortage has emerged. Supercapacitors are a promising energy storage device developed in recent decades, which store charge by forming the double layer capacitance or generating the pseudocapacitance. Supercapacitors have attracted the interest of many researchers because of large capacity, high power density, wide operating temperature range, long cycle life, and green environmental protection [1, 2, 3]. For the electrode materials of supercapacitors, the most common is carbon materials, which play an important role in the application of supercapacitors. Among all the carbon materials, mesoporous carbon materials are regarded as good electrode materials because of their good electrical and thermal conductivity, large specific surface area, regular pore structure, narrow pore diameter distribution, and good chemical stability [4, 5]. Therefore, it is of great significance to study mesoporous carbon materials with stable morphological structure and excellent performance. With in-depth research, a large number of research results show that heteroatom doping (e.g., N, S, P, and B) [6, 7, 8, 9] is
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an effective way to improve the capacitance performance of carbon materials. When heteroatom is incorporated into carbon materials, the electronic structure and conductivity of carbon surface are changed, so that the mechanical properties and electronic propert
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