Synthesis and medicinal properties of plant-derived vilangin
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis and medicinal properties of plant-derived vilangin C. Balachandran • V. Duraipandiyan • K. Balakrishna • R. Lakshmi Sundaram • A. Vijayakumar • S. Ignacimuthu Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
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Received: 26 October 2012 / Accepted: 18 March 2013 / Published online: 28 March 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract This article reports for the first time the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer activities of vilangin synthesised from embelin isolated from Embelia ribes berries. E. ribes is widely used as traditional herbal medicine in India. E. ribes is used as appetiser, carminative, anthelmintic, alexiteric, laxative and alterative. This plant is also used to treat tumour, ascites, bronchitis, mental diseases, dyspnoea, heart diseases, urinary discharges, jaundice, hemicrania, and worms in wounds. Here the major compound, embelin, was isolated from the fruits of E. ribes. Vilangin was synthesised by condensation of embelin with formaldehyde in acetic acid solution. The biological activity of vilangin is unknown so far. Hence, we studied antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer activities of vilangin. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of vilangin was 62.5 lg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella typhimurium.
C. Balachandran V. Duraipandiyan K. Balakrishna S. Ignacimuthu (&) Division of Microbiology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India e-mail: [email protected] C. Balachandran e-mail: [email protected] V. Duraipandiyan N. A. Al-Dhabi Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia R. L. Sundaram Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India A. Vijayakumar Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
The radical scavenging activity was maximum at 1,000 lg/mL. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay of vilangin showed a twofold higher value compared to the standard. Vilangin showed 61.95 % of cytotoxic activity in vitro against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cancer cell line at a dose of 500 lg/mL with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 400 lg/mL. Vilangin can thus be further tested as a new drug. Keywords Antimicrobial Antioxidant A549 cancer cell line Embelia ribes Embelin Vilangin
Introduction Embelia ribes Burm.f. (Myrsinaceae) is distributed in moist deciduous forests of the Western Ghats of South India, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Maharashtra, Sri Lanka, Malaya, Singapore and South China (Shankarmurthy et al. 2004; Warrier et al. 2001; Anonymous 2005). E. ribes is widely used as traditional herbal medicine in India. The fruit is used as good appetiser, carminative, anthelmintic, alexiteric, laxative and alterative. It is used to treat tumour, ascites, bronchitis, mental diseases, dyspnoea, heart diseases, urinary discharges, jaundice, hemicrania and worms in wounds (Kirtikar and Basu 2006). The fruits are used in the prep
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