Synthesis and Properties of a Nanocomposite Material Based on a Product of Coal Waste Processing
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hesis and Properties of a Nanocomposite Material Based on a Product of Coal Waste Processing A. Kh. Zhakinaa,*, Ye. P. Vassiletsa,**, O. V. Arnta,***, Ye. V. Kudryavtsevaa,****, T. S. Zhivotovaa,*****, A. M. Gazalieva,******, and Z. M. Muldakhmetova,******* a Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, 100008 Kazakhstan *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] ***e-mail: [email protected] ****e-mail: [email protected] *****e-mail: [email protected] ******e-mail: [email protected] *******e-mail: [email protected]
Received March 12, 2020; revised April 14, 2020; accepted June 3, 2020
Abstract—A nanocomposite material based on humic acid and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes was obtained using ultrasonic treatment. The composition and properties of the nanocomposite were characterized. The applicability of the nanocomposite material as a sorbent for wastewater treatment was demonstrated. Keywords: nanocomposites, humic acids, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, functionalization, ultrasound, sorption DOI: 10.3103/S0361521920050109
INTRODUCTION Currently, the issues of studying composite nanomaterials, so-called nanocomposites, attract the attention of researchers of various profiles. Natural polymers such as humic acids, which are valuable products of the chemical processing of coal wastes, are very promising for the production of nanocomposites. Humic acids (HAs) are a wide class of homologues consisting of compounds with different structures, compositions, and concentrations of molecular fragments. Both low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight compounds with different concentrations of aromatic and aliphatic fragments and functional groups can prevail in the composition of HAs depending on the metamorphism, genesis, and oxidation degree [1–8]. The structure of a nanocomposite is characterized by the presence of a second phase (a filler), the particle size of which ranges from 1 to 100 nm [9–17]. Relatively small additives of nanosized fillers lead to a significant improvement in the properties of the nanocomposite, as compared with microsized fillers. Recent studies have made it possible to isolate multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the most promising materials for the development of nanocom-
posite materials with fundamentally new properties, such as high strength, elasticity, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. Unique nanocomposite materials can be obtained combining a natural polymer and MWCNTs [18–25]. A difference between MWCNTs and single-walled carbon nanotubes consists in a variety of shapes and configurations. The surface layer of MWCNTs is a structure with a disordered arrangement of carbon atoms, and deviations from an ideal cylindrical shape increase with the number of layers to form defects in the outer layer. These defects lead to the appearance of bent and spiral-shaped nanotubes, which twist together in the course of their growth to form loops and other complexshaped extended structures, and interac
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