Synthesis and use of carvedilol metal complexes as carbon dioxide storage media
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Synthesis and use of carvedilol metal complexes as carbon dioxide storage media Omar G. Mousa1 · Emad Yousif1 · Ahmed A. Ahmed1 · Gamal A. El‐Hiti2 · Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi3 · Dina S. Ahmed4 Received: 27 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 / Published online: 29 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The consequences of increased fossil fuel consumption on the environment presents a challenge. Carbon dioxide capture is a useful technique to reduce global warming. Therefore, three carvedilol metal (nickel, cobalt, and copper) complexes were synthesized as potential carbon dioxide storage media. The structural and textural properties of metal carvedilol complexes have been established using various techniques. The metal complexes have mesoporous structures in which pore size was approximately 3 nm. Particle size ranged from 51.0 to 393.9 nm with a relatively small surface area (6.126–9.073 m2/g). The carvedilol metal complexes have either type-III or IV nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm. The complexes showed reasonable capacity towards carbon dioxide uptake (up to 18.21 cm3/g) under the optimized condition (40 bar and 323 K). Graphical Abstract
Keywords Carvedilol metal complexes · Carbon dioxide storage media · Mesoporous materials · Nitrogen adsorption– desorption isotherms · Pore size · Surface area * Emad Yousif [email protected] * Gamal A. El‐Hiti [email protected] * Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Introduction The reduction of environmental pollution produced due to the excessive use of energy is a challenge that requires attention [1, 2]. Fossil fuels are the most used energy source.
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Applied Petrochemical Research (2020) 10:157–164
Their combustion contributes (60%) to the increased level of carbon dioxide (CO2) and in particular from industrial sources [3]. The high atmospheric C O2 concentration leads to devastating environmental changes, ultimately contributing to climate change [4]. Hydrogen is a clean energy source and its use can overcome some of the disadvantages associated with fossil fuels. However, it cannot fully replace fossil fuels in the near future. The reduction of CO2 concentration in the environment through its capture is an important strategy [5]. Various inexpensive materials have been designed to act as storage media for C O2 [6–10]. The use of chemical absorbents showed some success [11]. However, the process involves the use of volatile absorbents, requires high energy, and has a high operating costs [12]. Therefore, different processes for the capture of C O2 have been developed. These processes should be simple, efficient and require low energy consumption, [13]. Materials with high adsorption capacity such as ionic liquids, zeolites, silica, and activated carbons have been used to capture CO2 [14–18]. However, limited progress has been achieved since ionic liquids are expensive to recycle and zeolites are highly
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