Synthesis, characterization, properties, and use of new fusidate organotin complexes as additives to inhibit poly(vinyl
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis, characterization, properties, and use of new fusidate organotin complexes as additives to inhibit poly(vinyl chloride) photodegradation Zinah N. Mahmood 1 & Emad Yousif 2 & Mahasin Alias 1 & Gamal A. El-Hiti 3
&
Dina S. Ahmed 4
Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is a common plastic that has many uses. Additives enhance the properties of PVC and enable its use in specific applications under harsh conditions. Therefore, several new tin complexes containing the fusidate unit were synthesized and tested as PVC photostabilizers. The reaction of sodium fusidate and appropriate tin chloride or oxide in boiling methanol provides the corresponding organotin complex in high yield. The structures and properties of the synthesized tin complexes were established using several analytical and spectroscopic tools. Also, the surface morphology of the complexes was inspected using various methods. The fusidate unit acts as either a monodentate (triphenyl and dibutoxide derivatives) or bidentate (dimethyl and dibutyl derivatives) ligand depending on the substitutes attached to the tin atom. The PVC was blended with tin complexes (0.5% by weight), and thin films were made and irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light for a long time. The effect of tin complexes on PVC as photostabilizers was assessed using different methods. The tin complexes significantly reduce PVC photodegradation. The non-desirable changes in the irradiated PVC were minimal in the presence of additives compared to those observed in the blank film. The dimethyltin derivative, which had the highest surface area compared to the other complexes, was the most efficient additive to decrease the photodegradation of PVC film after irradiation. The tin complexes prevent photodegradation by acting as ultraviolet absorbers as well as scavengers for hydrogen chloride and peroxides. Keywords Poly(vinyl chloride) . Fusidate organotin complexes . Photooxidation . Photodegradation . Hydrogen chloride scavenger . Roughness factor
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02245-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gamal A. El-Hiti [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
3
Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 64021, Iraq
Plastics are convenient and cheaper alternatives to wood and steel in many applications. The most common commercial synthetic plastics include polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polystyrenes, and polyethylene terephthalate [1]. PVC follows polyeth
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