Synthesis, growth, structural, thermal, mechanical and optical properties of barium guanidinium dichloride (BaGuCl 2 ) s
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Synthesis, growth, structural, thermal, mechanical and optical properties of barium guanidinium dichloride (BaGuCl2) single crystal for NLO applications M. P. Nancy1 • J. Mary Linet1
Received: 1 November 2019 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 Ó The Optical Society of India 2020
Abstract A semi-organic nonlinear optical Barium guanidinium dichloride (BaGuCl2) has been grown by conventional slow evaporation method. Large-sized and optically transparent single crystal of BaGuCl2 was successfully harvested within 90 days. The unit cell parameters were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. FTIR spectral analysis shows the presence of BaGuCl2. Optical absorbance and cut-off wavelength of BaGuCl2 were determined using UV–visible analysis. Second-harmonic generation efficiency of BaGuCl2 was concluded to be 50% better than standard KDP crystal. Thermal stability of the title crystal was explored using thermogravimetric analysis. Microhardness studies were done, and it affirms that the grown crystal is a soft crystal. Keywords SXRD FTIR Optical absorbance SHG TG–DTA Microhardness
Introduction In the recent years, more prominence is given by scientists to synthesize semi-organic crystals, because semi-organic crystals have greater mechanical strength and chemical stability. The organic nonlinear optical materials have found to exhibit high optical nonlinearity and good optical transparency in the visible to near-infrared region [1–6]. & J. Mary Linet [email protected] M. P. Nancy [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
These required properties of materials are more suitable for optical communications, optical data storage and laser frequency conversion. The inorganic materials possess high melting point, high mechanical stability and poor nonlinear susceptibility. When organic and inorganic materials are combined, the semi-organic materials possess good laser damage threshold, wide transparency range and phenomenal nonlinear tensor efficiency which make them applicable for optoelectronic device fabrication [7–14]. Guanidine is a very strong base, and its ion is derived by protonation. Guanidinium freely reacts with all types of organic acids to give salts with excellent crystallinity. It is a water-soluble compound, and it is strongly alkaline. Guanidinium cation might be effectively anchored onto various inorganic and organic anions and polyanions largely because of the presence of six potential donor sites for H-bonding interaction. Guanidinium is utilized in various supramolecular recognition processes across the spectrum of organic, biological and medical chemistry with a special interest motivated by its potential applications in NLO [15]. In recent years, the crystal growth researchers have reported various guanidine-based nonlinear optical single crystals such as ZGuS [16], guanidinium 4-nitrobenzoate [17], guanidinium L-monohydrogentartrate L-tartaric acid [18], G2HP [19] and guanidinium p-nitrophenolate (GUNP) [20]. In this
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