Synthesis of core/shell-structured CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 /SiO 2 composites for effective degradation of rhodamine B under ult
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Synthesis of core/shell-structured CaCu3Ti4O12/SiO2 composites for effective degradation of rhodamine B under ultraviolet light Mohsen Ahmadipour1, Mohammad Arjmand2, Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir1,3, Anh Thi Le1, Sin Ling Chiam1, and Swee-Yong Pung1,* 1
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada 3 Science and Engineering Research Center, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Received: 16 April 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 11 September 2020
The rapid growth of industrialization has driven the development of wastewater treatment technologies to overcome the environmental pollution that comes with it. Organic-based pollutants such as dyes and petroleum-based hydrocarbons are known to be the major pollutants from industries. Advanced photocatalysts is an alternative solution for organic pollutants clean up without the generation of toxic by-products. In this paper, a forthright dye removal technique by CCTO/SiO2 core–shell composites produced via chemical precipitation was introduced. The core–shell CCTO/SiO2 composites were produced from a silica precursor, i.e. TEOS. The effects of TEOS content (x = 0.5 and 1 ml) on the morphology, structure, and photocatalytic activities of core–shell CCTO/ SiO2 composites were studied. The phase compositions and structural properties of core–shell CCTO/SiO2 composites were analyzed by TEM-EDAX, XRD, FTIR, and BET. The particle and crystallite sizes of core–shell CCTO/SiO2 composite produced with higher TEOS content (x = 1 ml) were smaller, i.e. 380 ± 57 nm and 42 nm respectively. However, higher surface area (8.23 m2g-1) was observed. The photodegradation efficiency (g%) of core–shell CCTO/SiO2 composite prepared using 1 ml of TEOS was 76.5% after 40 min exposure to UV light; better than product from the system with 0.5 ml TEOS. The C1S photocatalyst was very stable with a high photodegradation efficiency of 73.5% even after 4 cycles of RhB degradation.
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04486-1
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
1 Introduction The presence of harmful organic-based pollutants around us poses health threats to mankind and polluting the environment. These pollutants may cause side effects such as mouth sores, nausea, dark urine, bloody diarrhea and vomiting [1]. Thus, one of the main concerns for the treatment of polluted water is to remove organic pollutants such as dyes from wastewater. Rhodamine B (RhB) is an organic dye known to be one of the main pollutants, particularly from the textile industry. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB has become an interesting study amongst researchers due to its high chroma and the difficulty of treatment through physical, chemical or biochemical methods [2]. Amongst the photoca
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