Synthesis of few-layer graphene-like nanosheets from glucose: New facile approach for graphene-like nanosheets large-sca
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Ossama El-Shazly and El-Wahidy F. El-Wahidy Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
Marwa A. A. Mohameda) Department of Fabrication Technology, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt (Received 18 June 2015; accepted 14 January 2016)
This study reports new facile approach for gram-scale synthesis of graphene-like nanosheets fine powder, using glucose as precursor. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been prepared in gram-scale via hydrothermal treatment of glucose. Upon increasing the vapor/liquid ratio for aqueous glucose solution within the autoclave system to 3/2, RGO-rich graphitic powder, containing small graphene oxide and amorphous carbon contents and having spherical morphology, is obtained. Then, introducing ammonia into the reaction medium resulted in the formation of pure RGO with reduced O-content and flat nanosheet-like morphology (Amm–RGO3/2). Interestingly, few-layer graphene-like nanosheets with slight oxygen and amorphous carbon contents and few structural defects are produced when annealing Amm–RGO3/2 at 600 °C under inert atmosphere. In summary, hydrothermal treatment of aqueous solution containing just glucose and ammonia followed by moderate-temperature thermal annealing, lead to few-layer graphene-like nanosheets with good structural characteristics. This new simple and efficient approach can be of great potential in the mass production of graphene-like nanosheets.
I. INTRODUCTION
Graphene is the basic building block of mineral graphite. It is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional-honeycomb lattice.1 Thus, it is characterized as the thinnest material in our universe.2 Recently, graphene has attracted enormous worldwide interest,3–5 due to its extremely large specific surface area and unique electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties.6–8 It is also known of anomalous quantum Hall effect.9 The unusual properties of graphene make it a radical key for modern technology in a wide range of applications. Miniaturized nanoelectronic components, photovoltaic cells, chemical and biological sensors, hysteretic magnetoresistance,8 transparent conducting electrodes, supercapacitors, and electromechanical resonators10 are the major potential applications. Nevertheless, several of these applications are still not feasible because the large-scale production of highquality graphene remains challenging. This is due to the lack of a facile, cost-effective and eco-friendly Contributing Editor: Mauricio Terrones a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.25
method for the mass production of high-quality graphene, yet to date.10,11 Currently, micromechanical exfoliation of graphite,12 chemical vapor deposition,13 epitaxial growth on SiC,14 and chemical exfoliation of graphite15 have been widely pursued to prepare graphene. Compared to the firs
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