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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08605-w Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Vertically Aligned Nanosheets of an Electrodeposited Lanthanum Oxide Electrode for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing Application S.B. JADHAV,1 U.M. PATIL,1 R.N. BULAKHE,2 INSIK IN,2,3 C.D. LOKHANDE,1 and P.N. PAWASKAR1,4 1.—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society, (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur 416 006, India. 2.—Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea. 3.—Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea PLUS 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-702, South Korea. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]

A lanthanum oxide (La2O3) thin film electrode was synthesized by inexpensive electrodeposition using potentiostatic mode. The structural, morphological and electrochemical characterizations of La2O3 film was carried out by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The La2O3 electrode displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose in alkaline solution. Nearly linear i-t amperometric response was observed in the range from 1.25 mM to 11.25 mM glucose concentration with sensitivity 616 lA mM1 cm2. The electrode exhibited excellent response time of less than 1 s. The quick i-t amperometric current response towards glucose by La2O3 makes it a potential candidate for practical glucose detection application.

(Received September 19, 2020; accepted November 3, 2020)

Jadhav, Patil, Bulakhe, In, Lokhande, and Pawaskar

Graphic Abstract

Key words: Electrodeposition, glucose, lanthanum oxide, non-enzymatic sensor, thin film INTRODUCTION Detection of biological samples, especially glucose, has huge significance regarding the varied end usage in biological, clinical, and chemical fields, as well as in the food industry.1 An amperometric enzyme electrode based on glucose oxidase was developed for the first time in 1962.2 Over a period of time, development of base materials to be employed for the detection of glucose has seen great traction. The persistent interest in the development of new base materials required for electrochemical detection of biological samples such as glucose needs further improvement of linear range, selectivity and lower detection limits. Glucose biosensors are divided into two types, viz. enzymatic and non-enzymatic. Enzymatic glucose sensors have many drawbacks such as lack of long-term stability, and immobilization of the enzyme depends upon the temperature, pH of the solution and humidity.3 Meanwhile, non-enzymatic glucose sensors exhibit high stability, sensitivity and quick response. Even though noteworthy efforts have been made in the development of non-enzymatic glucose sensors to improve their stability, sensitivity, linearity and reproducibility,