Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Doped with Neodymium Oxide in a Confined Impinging-Jets Reactor
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hesis of Titanium Oxide Doped with Neodymium Oxide in a Confined Impinging-Jets Reactor A. V. Zdravkova,*, Yu. S. Kudryashovaa, and R. Sh. Abieva,b a I.V.
Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia b St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), St. Petersburg, 190013 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 17, 2020; revised February 17, 2020; accepted February 27, 2020
Abstract—Technologically advanced and easily scalable method for the synthesis of titanium dioxide doped with neodymium oxide via the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropylate in the presence of neodymium nitrate in isopropyl alcohol in a confined impinging-jets reactor has been developed. 30 min heating of the amorphous product at 350°С has been sufficient for the formation of the anatase phase. The proposed method can significantly reduce the duration of the synthesis, is energy-efficient, and does not require numerous time-consuming operations. Keywords: titanium dioxide, neodymium oxide, photocatalysis, confined impinging-jets reactor
DOI: 10.1134/S1070363220090145 Many nanocrystalline oxides exhibit utilitarian functional properties: semiconducting, magnetic, sorption, photocatalytic, and others [1, 2]. Titanium dioxide has been recognized among the photocatalysts, due to its chemical stability, biocompatibility, high oxidation potential, and relatively low price. The development of novel methods of nanocrystalline titania synthesis has been given a deal of attention. The issues to be resolved include the control of the particles size, shape, and degree of crystallinity, the product crystalline modification, surface properties, etc. The solution methods of synthesis have been recognized as the most promising, including the hydrothermal approach, which affords various crystalline modification of titanium dioxide in highly dispersed state. Structure and photocatalytic activity of the obtained nanoparticles can be tuned by variation of temperature, reactants concentration, and electrolyte composition using a series of inorganic precursors of titania: tinanyl hydroxide [3], titanyl sulfate [4–6], and titanium tetrafluoride [7, 8]. Another approach consists in the sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 from titanium alkoxides, primarily titanium tetrabutylate and tetraisopropylate [9–11]. However, the conventional sol-gel synthesis in an aqueous medium does not allow the control over the reaction rate as well as size and morphology of the formed nanoparticles [12]. Therefore, the methods of titanium
oxide synthesis based on the sol-gel route modifications using organic solvents in the presence of limited amount of water [13], water generation in situ [14], or various agents for splitting of the alkoxide bond (for instance, benzyl alcohol) [15] have been elaborated. Another promising method for the preparation of the monodisperse nanoparticles consists in instant distribution and mixing of the reactants over the reaction volume. Titanium dioxide can be conve
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