Synthetic biology in various cellular and molecular fields: applications, limitations, and perspective
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REVIEW
Synthetic biology in various cellular and molecular fields: applications, limitations, and perspective Mohsen Safaei1 · Gholam‑Reza Mobini2 · Ardavan Abiri3 · Ali Shojaeian4 Received: 3 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Synthetic biology breakthroughs have facilitated genetic circuit engineering to program cells through novel biological functions, dynamic gene expressions, as well as logic controls. SynBio can also participate in the rapid development of new treatments required for the human lifestyle. Moreover, these technologies are applied in the development of innovative therapeutic, diagnostic, as well as discovery-related methods within a wide range of cellular and molecular applications. In the present review study, SynBio applications in various cellular and molecular fields such as novel strategies for cancer therapy, biosensing, metabolic engineering, protein engineering, and tissue engineering were highlighted and summarized. The major safety and regulatory concerns about synthetic biology will be the environmental release, legal concerns, and risks of the engineered organisms. The final sections focused on limitations to SynBio. Keywords Synthetic biology · Cancer therapy · Tissue engineering · SynBio applications
Introduction Synthetic biology (SynBio) definition, concept, tools, and logic gate SynBio is known as an engineering system, has evolved to generate a unique genetic toolbox for performing gene control over dynamic regulatory systems to investigate natural biological phenomena and provide cellular programming to implement new functions [1]. It is considered as a principal tool for the understanding of biological system fundamentals. SynBio involves the design and production of biological * Ali Shojaeian [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
2
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
3
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
4
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
gears, which would help in the understanding of living systems and would also be beneficial to humankind [2]. Additionally, SynBio employs a variety of fields such as biology, biotechnology, chemistry, and engineering; therefore, it is frequently interconnecting biochemical and biomedical engineering. Within this process, it equally combines various tactics and protocols from engineering to biotechnology [3]. Similar to electrical engineers who are building electric circuits, synthetic biologists are also programming cells using DNA [4], RNA, as well as proteins to perform required genetic outputs. A major purpose of many synthetic biologists is to apply SynBio to control the intricacy and complexity of cells
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