Oral Biology Molecular Techniques and Applications

With so many major advances over the past two decades coming through the application of molecular biology and nanotechnology, it is essential that dental research, education, and practice keep pace with the rapid progress of science. In Oral Biology: Mole

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MO L E C U L A R BI O L O G Y

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651

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Oral Biology Molecular Techniques and Applications

Edited by

Gregory J. Seymour Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Mary P. Cullinan Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Nicholas C.K. Heng Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Editors Gregory J. Seymour Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago 310 Great King Street Dunedin 9016 New Zealand [email protected]

Mary P. Cullinan Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago 310 Great King Street Dunedin 9016 New Zealand [email protected]

Nicholas C.K. Heng Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago 310 Great King Street Dunedin 9016 New Zealand [email protected]

ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-819-5 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-820-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-820-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010932227 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustration: Composite image showing confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of bacterial invasion of dentinal tubules. Live bacteria fluoresce green/yellow and dead bacteria fluoresce red. Photograph provided by G.R. Tompkins. The CLSM technique is described in Chapter 10. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface It is generally recognized that the knowledge and research base that underpins dentistry lies in the biological and physical sciences. In this context, the major advances in these sciences over the past two decades have come through the application of molecular biology and nanotechnology. These advances are currently impacting on the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of human diseases and it is essential that dental research, education, and practice keep pace with this rapidly advancing field. As po