Systematic Literature Review of Climate Change Governance Activities of Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations in S
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Systematic Literature Review of Climate Change Governance Activities of Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations in Southeast Asia Siti Melinda Haris
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Firuza Begham Mustafa1 Raja Noriza Raja Ariffin3,4 ●
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Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) are considered key players for engendering good climate change governance to address both climate change and sustainable development. The participation of ENGOs in climate change governance occurs in a four-phase policy cycle. They include (1) identification of policy options, (2) policy formulation, (3) policy implementation, and (4) policy monitoring and evaluation. The ENGOs, however, have been criticized for their lack of effectiveness, and their roles in tackling climate change remain unclear. To date, the study on the roles and activities of Southeast Asian ENGOs in climate change governance has been under-researched. This study, therefore, applies a systematic literature review of 19 published articles from Scopus and Web of Science-indexed journal to understand the current state of the Southeast Asian ENGOs participation in climate change governance based on the four-phase policy cycle. The findings show that the ENGOs in Southeast Asia are involved directly and indirectly in climate change governance. They are significant actors in the implementation of the climate change policy, but they play a minimal role in the formulation of said policy. It implies that they could also be a vital partner to the government in the climate change governance process as they can bring effective policy improvements. Lastly, this review will recommend future avenues of research for scholars. Keywords Environmental nongovernmental organizations Climate change Governance Southeast Asia ●
Introduction Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are nonprofit institutions that are independent of any government collaboration and are formed to address public issues by promoting development and democracy (Pokharel 2000; Thomas et al. 2001; Willetts 2002). Similarly, Martens
* Siti Melinda Haris [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 70300 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Department of Administrative Studies and Politics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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International Institute of Public Policy and Management, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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(2002) and Betsill (2015) describe NGOs as formal independent and nonprofit social organizations that promote shared objectives at either the national or international level. Generally, they work toward achieving common goals by nonviolent means. Environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) are N
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