How do farmers perceive climate change? A systematic review
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How do farmers perceive climate change? A systematic review Madhuri 1
& Upasna Sharma
2
Received: 27 September 2019 / Accepted: 4 August 2020/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
In this paper, a systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize understanding on farmers’ perception on climate change. Farmers’ perception of climate change is conceptualized as comprising of three dimensions—first, as farmers’ “awareness”; second, “conceptual understanding”; and third, the “experience” of climate change. The review included 162 papers published during the period January 2000 to July 2019. The highest number of studies was conducted in Africa, followed by Asia. A large majority of farmers report being aware of climate change. However, only a few studies elicit the difference between climate variability and climate change from farmers. A negligible number of studies attempt to identify the role of agricultural activities in greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Furthermore, authors compare farmers’ perception with meteorological evidence, which is more aligned in terms of change in “temperature” rather than “precipitation.” The insights from the review provide guidance on conceptualization and operationalization of the variable “farmers’ perception of climate change” for future studies. Keywords Awareness . Perception . Meteorology . Climate change and variability . Farmers . Agriculture
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-02002814-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Madhuri [email protected] Upasna Sharma [email protected]
1
Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
2
School of Public Policy, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
Climatic Change
1 Introduction Agriculture, in the developing countries, is more sensitive and vulnerable to risks like climate change due to its dependence on climatic conditions and low coping ability of less developed areas (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] 2007). Societal and individual adaptation to climate is not new; individuals and societies have always made adjustments to their way of living in response to the stimuli provided by diverse environments and changes in these environments over longer and shorter time frames. In the agricultural sector, this is particularly true as there are numerous examples of different kinds of adjustments and adaptations that farmers make to observe, perceive, and anticipate changes in weather, climate, and ecology. But adjustments and revisions in action for coping with change may not be enough to tolerate the rapid change in the climate conditions, and actions different from those of simply coping with climate variability are likely to be required. For example, in the case of a region afflicted with droughts, a farmer may cope by changing the sowing date, but what may actually be required in light of more severe or m
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