Systematic Review of Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019
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Systematic Review of Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Kai Xiong Cheong 1 Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Studies have reported ocular involvement in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with SARS-CoV-2 having been detected in ocular swab samples. This has implicated the eye as a portal of transmission. The aim of this systemic review is to summarise and discuss the current literature regarding ocular involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19. Recent Findings In this systematic review, the prevalence of ocular symptoms and signs was low (from 0 to 31.58%) and conjunctivitis was a relatively rare occurrence. The rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular swab samples was low as well and this ranged from 0 to 11.11%. The development of ocular symptoms and signs was not always accompanied by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular swab samples. The opposite was described as well. This may reflect issues related to the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and of the study design. Nonetheless, the nature of research in a pandemic is that conclusions can change as more information is obtained. Summary Whilst the eye is unlikely to be a main transmission route, we need to consider the possibilities of conjunctivitis as a presenting complaint and of the eye playing a role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we need to take the appropriate precautions in our practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate the viral tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and its role in the eyes. Keywords Coronavirus disease 2019 . SARS-CoV-2 . Conjunctiva . Tears . Transmission . Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . Viral culture
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2, which is a novel betacoronavirus, has caused a severe acute respiratory syndrome termed as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019. This year, globalisation and modern travel have facilitated the transmission of this novel virus worldwide within a few months of its origin. Consequently, SARS-CoV-2 has imposed a tremendous burden on the healthcare infrastructure and economy. The World Health Organization subsequently declared the outbreak a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The cumulative disease burden and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 have surpassed those of both SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which caused the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the Middle East
* Kai Xiong Cheong [email protected] 1
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 respectively, with approximately 13.62 million cases and 585,727 deaths globally [1]. Like other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 is purported to be transmitted via respiratory and contact routes [2]. Faecal-oral transmission has been reported as well [3]. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence from studies that have reported ocular involvement in COVI
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