Systemic immunogenicity of para-Phenylenediamine and Diphenylcyclopropenone: two potent contact allergy-inducing haptens
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Systemic immunogenicity of para-Phenylenediamine and Diphenylcyclopropenone: two potent contact allergy-inducing haptens Jesper Dyrendom Svalgaard • Carina Særmark • Morten Dall • Karsten Buschard • Jeanne D. Johansen Ka˚re Engkilde
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Published online: 3 January 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) are two potent haptens. Both haptens are known to cause delayed-type hypersensitivity, involving a cytokine response and local infiltration of T-cell subpopulations, resulting in contact dermatitis. We investigated the systemic immune effects of PPD and DPCP, two relatively unexplored skin allergens. The dorsal sides of the ears of BALB/c mice were exposed to PPD or DPCP (0.1 % w/v or 0.01 % w/v), or vehicle alone. Mice were treated once daily for 3 days (induction period) and subsequently twice per week for 8 weeks. Local and systemic immune responses in the auricular and pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen, liver, serum, and ears were analyzed with cytokine profiling MSD, flow cytometry, and qPCR. Ear swelling increased significantly in mice treated with 1 % PPD, 0.01 % DPCP or 0.1 % DPCP, compared with vehicle treatment, indicating that the mice were sensitized and that there was a local inflammation. Auricular lymph
nodes, pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen, and liver showed changes in regulatory T-cell, B-cell, and NKT-cell frequencies, and increased activation of CD8? T cells and B cells. Intracellular cytokine profiling revealed an increase in the IFN-c- and IL-4-positive NKT cells present in the liver following treatment with both haptens. Moreover, we saw a tendency toward a systemic increase in IL-17A. We observed systemic immunological effects of PPD and DPCP. Furthermore, concentrations too low to increase ear thickness and cause clinical symptoms may still prime the immune system. These systemic immunological effects may potentially predispose individuals to certain diseases. Keywords p-Phenylenediamine Diphenylcyclopropenone Contact hypersensitivity Contact allergy Invariant NKT cells Foxp3 Abbreviations CHS Contact hypersensitivity DTH Delayed-type hypersensitivity PPD p-Phenylenediamine DPCP Diphenylcyclopropenone AL-N Auricular lymph nodes PL-N Pancreatic lymph nodes
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12026-013-8482-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Introduction J. D. Svalgaard K. Engkilde Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark J. D. Svalgaard (&) C. Særmark M. Dall K. Buschard J. D. Johansen K. Engkilde The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark e-mail: [email protected]
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Contact allergy, also known as contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in the animal setting, is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in which cutaneous T cells mediate an inflammatory immune response. CHS
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