Systems Engineering approach for the concept design of the Crystal Eye detector
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SHORT ORIGINAL PAPER
Systems Engineering approach for the concept design of the Crystal Eye detector F. Renno1 · F. Barbato2 · G. Barbarino2 · D. Marzullo1 · R. Guida1 · S. Papa1 Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Main targets of this activity research are the making and the optimization of new detectors by means of the Systems Engineering methods. With the observation of the gravitational wave event of August 17th, 2017 and then with those of the extragalactic neutrino of September 22nd, the Multimessenger Astrophysics era began. It is a new way of exploring the Universe, powered by globally coordinated observations of several experiments. So, new X and gamma rays’ detectors solutions are needed in order to provide competitive results in the energy range 10 keV–10 meV. Here is briefly described how the Systems Engineering can improve the development of the proposal of a new technique: The Crystal Eye, a wide field of view detector with a good spatial resolution obtained thanks to a high pixelation. Keywords Systems Engineering · Optimization · Crystal Eye · Detectors · Astrophysics
1 The Crystal Eye proposal Multimessenger Astrophysics is a new way of exploring the Universe, powered by globally coordinated observations of cosmic rays, neutrinos, gravitational waves, and electromagnetic radiation across a broad range of wavelengths. A long-standing astrophysical paradigm is that collisions, or mergers, of two neutron stars create highly relativistic and collimated jets that power γ-ray bursts of short duration. The observational support for this model, however, was only indi-
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F. Renno [email protected] F. Barbato [email protected] G. Barbarino [email protected] D. Marzullo [email protected] R. Guida [email protected] S. Papa [email protected]
1
Fraunhofer JL Ideas-Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
2
Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
rect until August 2017, when the electromagnetic counterpart associated with the gravitational-wave event GW170817 was observed. The main currently active experiments in orbit able to observe the gamma and X-ray range are Chandra, XMMNewton and Fermi [5]. Despite their detection capability and their major observations, they belong to an old concept of sky observatories. Crystal Eye is a new detector proposal for the future exploration of the Universe. It will be something new, a crossover technology, exactly in the middle between the all sky monitors and the telescopes: a wide field of view observatory (2π of local observation) in the energy range from 10 keV to 10 meV with a highly pixelated structure. In the past, it was impossible to use such an observation technique because of the size of the detectors and the consequent unaffordable costs. Today, this innovative observation technique is possible thanks to the use of new sensors and materials which allow the realization of a highly efficient, l
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