Systems Neuroscience and Rehabilitation
Rapidly growing knowledge in systems neuroscience may contribute to expand the range of activities in persons with disabilities, but in its practical application, cooperation between experts in different research fields is necessary. In this conference, t
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Kenji Kansaku Leonardo G. Cohen ●
Editors
Systems Neuroscience and Rehabilitation
Editors Kenji Kansaku Chief Systems Neuroscience Section Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities (NRCD) 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa Saitama 359-8555, Japan [email protected]
Leonardo G. Cohen Chief Human Cortical Physiology and Stroke Neurorehabilitation Section National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10 Center Drive, Bethesda MD 20892-1430, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-4-431-53998-8 e-ISBN 978-4-431-54008-3 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54008-3 Springer Tokyo Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930550 © Springer 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
It was not so long ago that there was considerable nihilism about the possible treatment of patients with stroke and neurodegenerative conditions. Times have changed. It is now recognized that these patients can, and should, be treated. It is clear that we are able to improve quality of life even if the underlying condition is difficult to cure completely. Treatment is possible on many different levels. One of the most exciting areas in modern medicine is genetic approaches, but these often seem far in the future. Considerable success has come with manipulation of neurotransmitters, but in order to be successful with this type of therapy there often has to be some derangement in neurotransmitter function to begin with. It is also clear that it is possible to influence the brain at a systems level. One of the most successful types of treatment in this regard is deep brain stimulation. By manipulating different deep nuclei there can be improvement in movement disorders and even psychiatric disorders. Better understanding of systems neuroscience can lead to other methods of neurorehabilitation. This is the basic premise and theme of the current book. A good example of this concept, and an active area of current rehabilitation research, is the brain–computer interface. By understanding how the brain motor system regulates movement it is
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