T-Cell Immunoglobulin- and Mucin-Domain-Containing Molecule 3 Genetic Variants and HIV+ Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
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T-Cell Immunoglobulin- and Mucin-Domain-Containing Molecule 3 Genetic Variants and HIV+ Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Haihan Song,1 Shaolin Ma,2 Zhanshan Cha,3 Lei Chen,4 Danian Tong,5 Lan Ma,6 Weiguo Song,7 and Jianwen Bai1,8
Abstract—T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) has been established as a negative regulatory molecule and plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related inflammation. Recent studies have shown that chronic inflammation may greatly affect the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the TIM-3 gene were associated with susceptibility to non-NHL and HIV-related NHL. Three polymorphisms in TIM-3 gene (−1516G/T, −574G/T, and +4259T/G) were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 434 NHL patients, 62 HIV-related NHL cases, and 512 healthy controls. Results showed that the prevalence of −574GT genotype and +4259TG genotype were significantly increased in the NHL cases than in controls (odds ratio (OR)02.72, 95 % confidence interval (CI)01.50–4.92, p00.0006 and OR02.59, 95 % CI01.49–4.49, p00.0005, respectively). The −1516G/T polymorphism did not reveal significant difference between patients and healthy controls. When analyzing the TIM-3 polymorphisms in HIV-related NHL patients, data showed that HIV+ NHL patients had higher prevalence of −574GT or +4259TG genotypes than those cases without HIV infection (OR03.48, 95 % CI01.67–7.28, p0 0.0005 and OR02.92, 95 % CI01.42–6.01, p00.0026, respectively). These results suggested polymorphisms in TIM-3 gene could be new risk factors for NHL as well as HIV-related NHL and suggested a possible role of the inflammatory factor in these diseases. KEY WORDS: TIM-3; polymmorphism; NHL; HIV.
INTRODUCTION
Haihan Song and Shaolin Ma contributed equally to this work. 1
Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China 2 Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China 3 Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China 4 Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Shandong Province 252000, China 5 Department of Surgery, The Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China 6 Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China 7 Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China 8 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China. E-mail: [email protected]
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematologic malignancy worldwide and has recently been associated with a pronounced increase in occurrence [1]. It represe
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