T2* mapping and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cartilage (dGEMRIC) of glenohumeral cartilage
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE
T2* mapping and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cartilage (dGEMRIC) of glenohumeral cartilage in asymptomatic volunteers at 3 T Bernd Bittersohl & Falk R. Miese & Christin Dekkers & Hüseyin Senyurt & Jörn Kircher & Hans-Jörg Wittsack & Gerald Antoch & Rüdiger Krauspe & Christoph Zilkens Received: 15 July 2012 / Revised: 6 October 2012 / Accepted: 15 October 2012 / Published online: 24 November 2012 # European Society of Radiology 2012
Abstract Objectives To establish baseline T2* and T1Gd values of glenohumeral cartilage at 3 T. Methods Forty asymptomatic volunteers (mean age: 24.8 ±2.2 years) without shoulder abnormalities were included. The MRI protocol comprised a double-echo steadystate (DESS) sequence for morphological cartilage evaluation, a gradient-echo multiecho sequence for T2* assessment, and a gradient-echo dual-flip-angle sequence for T1Gd mapping. Statistical assessment involved a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the differences between various regions of the glenohumeral joint and intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis comparing repetitive T2* and T1Gd measures to assess intra- and interobserver reliability. Results Both techniques revealed significant differences between superior and inferior glenohumeral cartilage
B. Bittersohl : C. Dekkers : H. Senyurt : R. Krauspe : C. Zilkens Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopedics, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany F. R. Miese : H.-J. Wittsack : G. Antoch Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
demonstrating higher T2* (26.2 ms vs. 23.2 ms, P value< 0.001) and T1Gd (750.1 ms vs. 720.2 ms, P value=0.014) values in the superior regions. No trend was observed in the anterior-posterior measurement (P value range: 0.279– 1.000). High intra- and interobserver agreement (ICC value range: 0.895–0.983) was noted for both T2* and T1Gd mapping. Conclusions T2* and T1Gd mapping are reliable in the assessment of glenohumeral cartilage. The values from this study can be used for comparison to identify cartilage degeneration in patients suffering from shoulder joint abnormalities. Key Points • T2* mapping and dGEMRIC are sensitive to collagen degeneration and proteoglycan depletion. • This study aimed to establish baseline T2*/dGEMRIC values of glenohumeral cartilage. • Both techniques revealed significant differences between superior and inferior glenohumeral cartilage. • High intra-/interreader agreement was noted for both T2* mapping and dGEMRIC. • These baseline normal values should be useful when identifying potential degeneration. Keywords MRI . T2* mapping . dGEMRIC . Shoulder . Normative data
J. Kircher Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthoparc Hospital, Cologne, Germany B. Bittersohl (*) Department of Orthopedics, Medical School, Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany e-mail: [email protected] B. Bittersohl e-mail: [email protected]
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