Tailored Blanks
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Tailored Blanks Marion Merklein* LFT, Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-N€urnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Synonyms Patchwork blanks; Tailor heat treated blanks; Tailor rolled blanks; Tailor welded blanks; Forming blanks; Production of tailored blanks
Definition The collective term tailored blanks characterizes semifinished sheet metal products that are optimized for a subsequent forming operation or the final application. They are distinguished by a local variation of the sheet thickness, coating, or material properties. Based on the production process, tailored blanks can be categorized in four different groups (Fig. 1): joining of different blanks by a welding process (tailor welded blanks), locally reinforcement of a base material (patchwork blanks), creating a continuous variation of the sheet thickness by a rolling process (tailor rolled blanks), and adapting the mechanical properties by local heat treatment (tailor heat treated blanks). The development of tailored blanks is closely linked to the trend toward lightweight constructions. With the first three types, a weight reduction can be realized by reinforcing only areas where special demands exist in the final application. In contrast to this, tailor heat treat blanks are mainly used to enhance the formability of modern lightweight materials like aluminum alloys or high-strength steels (Merklein et al. 2014).
Tailor Welded Blanks Tailor welded blanks are the most frequently applied version type of tailored blanks. Their specific characteristic is that different semifinished plates are joined together, which are, for example, distinguished by their chemical composition, topography, sheet thickness, or mechanical properties. The components are connected by a welding process – often laser or mash seam welding is used. For joining of different material like aluminum and steel, the friction stir welding process is applied (Zadpoor et al. 2007). By a suitable design and selection of the blank partners, both the forming and utilization properties can be improved. Moreover, the amount of components can be reduced by the integration of several functions into one blank. The most challenging within the application of the technology is the design and the positioning of the welding zone. Generally, the welding zone should be positioned in areas which are not critical for the forming process. However, several publications confirmed that, based on a comprehensive material characterization in combination with advanced simulation methods, the influence of the weld seam on the formability can be predicted very well (Qiu and
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CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_16801-1 # CIRP 2014
Fig. 1 Classification of tailored blanks (Merklein et al. 2014)
Chen 2007). The weld seam can be linear or nonlinear. Blanks with a nonlinear weld seam are also called engineered blanks (WISCO Tailored Blanks GmbH 2014). Tailor welded blanks are not only used in conventional formi
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