Tailored Light 2 Laser Application Technology
The present book covers the application technology of lasers, focusing more on the vast range of processes than on individual applications, in order to motivate and enable future innovations. The physical basics are presented in the first half of the book
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Reinhart Poprawe Editor
Tailored Light 2 Laser Application Technology
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Editor Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Reinhart Poprawe, M.A. Fraunhofer-Institut f¨ur Lasertechnik (ILT) Steinbachstr. 15 52074 Aachen Germany [email protected]
ISSN 1865-0899 e-ISSN 1865-0902 ISBN 978-3-642-01236-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-01237-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-01237-2 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926871 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
LASER – probably ever since this acronym has been invented for “Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation” it generates fascination. The light of the special kind, monochromatic, extremely focusable, at first inspired science but increasingly is seen paving the road towards global relevant innovations in our modern world. The paradigm that associates laser with a device is changing. Laser radiation is energy in one of its purest forms rather comparable with electricity. This also holds in terms of the quality of energy, i.e. the entropy of both forms of energy approaches zero in the limit, which means practically, it can be transformed into other forms of energy with maximum efficiency. Laser energy however is characterized by even higher degrees of freedom and thus can be adopted even more efficiently and more effectively to the demands of processes considered. Especially the extreme possibilities of modulation in time, space and frequency enable exact adoption to the demands of process technology (Fig. 1). As a credo we came to the title of this book “Tailored Light”. Consequently laser technology can be applied in a vast field of applications e.g. cutting, drilling, joining, ablation, soldering, hardening, alloying, cladding, polishing, generating and marking. We see applications in products of all relevant areas of our society, in mobility, energy, environment, health or production technology in general. The actual trend shows an increasing number of new applications every year. Thus the technology is seen to provide the momentum for innovatio
