Targeted deletions of complement lectin pathway genes improve outcome in traumatic brain injury, with MASP-2 playing a m
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RESEARCH
Targeted deletions of complement lectin pathway genes improve outcome in traumatic brain injury, with MASP‑2 playing a major role D. Mercurio1 , M. Oggioni1, S. Fumagalli1, N. J. Lynch1,3, S. Roscher2, D. Minuta1,4, C. Perego1, S. Ippati1,5, R. Wallis2, W. J. Schwaeble3 and M.‑G. De Simoni1*
Abstract The lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation is believed to contribute to brain inflammation. The study aims to identify the key components of the LP contributing to TBI outcome as possible novel pharmacological targets. We compared the long-term neurological deficits and neuropathology of wild-type mice (WT) to that of mice carrying gene deletions of key LP components after experimental TBI. WT or MASP-2 ( Masp2−/−), ficolin-A (Fcna−/−), CL-11 (Colec11−/−), MASP-1/3 (Masp1−/−), MBL-C (Mbl2−/−), MBL-A ( Mbl1−/−) or MBL−/− (Mbl1−/−/Mbl2−/−) deficient male C57BL/6J mice were used. Mice underwent sham surgery or TBI by controlled cortical impact. The sensorimo‑ tor response was evaluated by neuroscore and beam walk tests weekly for 4 weeks. To obtain a comparative analysis of the functional outcome each transgenic line was rated according to a health score calculated on sensorimotor performance. For selected genotypes, brains were harvested 6 weeks after injury for histopathological analysis. MASP2−/−, MBL−/− and FCN-A−/− mice had better outcome scores compared to WT. Of these, MASP-2−/− mice had the best recovery after TBI, showing reduced sensorimotor deficits (by 33% at 3 weeks and by 36% at 4 weeks). They also showed higher neuronal density in the lesioned cortex with a 31.5% increase compared to WT. Measurement of LP functional activity in plasma from MASP-2−/− mice revealed the absence of LP functional activity using a C4b deposi‑ tion assay. The LP critically contributes to the post-traumatic inflammatory pathology following TBI with the highest degree of protection achieved through the absence of the LP key enzyme MASP-2, underlining a therapeutic utility of MASP-2 targeting in TBI. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Neuroinflammation, Lectin pathway, Complement cascade, MBL-associated serine protease, Neurological deficits, Pharmacological target Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a primary biomechanical injury that can involve contusion and laceration, diffuse axonal injury, brain swelling and intracranial haemorrhage [1–3] followed by a secondary injury, which is caused by the activation of several molecular and *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
cellular cascades contributing to brain damage and its development over time [4–6]. Secondary insult response typically includes blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation [7–9]. Since the secondary damage evolves days after the impact, there are wind
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