Taxonomic and functional diversity of cultivable endophytes with respect to the fitness of cultivars against Ralstonia s
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Taxonomic and functional diversity of cultivable endophytes with respect to the fitness of cultivars against Ralstonia solanacearum Pramod Kumar Sahu1 · Pious Thomas2,3 · Shailendra Singh1 · Amrita Gupta1 Received: 23 December 2019 / Accepted: 28 March 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract The study was conducted to comprehend the facets of culturable endophytic diversity correlating with the fitness of cultivar. Tomato bacterial endophytes from cultivars Arka Rakshak (AR; multi-disease tolerant hybrid) and Pusa Ruby (PR; susceptible check) were isolated. Molecular identification quantified that only two genera Rhizobium and Bacillus were common in both cultivars out of fifteen genera isolated. Genera Microbacterium, Enterobacter, Falsibacillus, Cohnella, Youhaiella, and Fluviicola were found only in AR, whereas genera Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, Dyadobacter, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Microvirga, and Shinella were found only in PR. Although the genera level diversity indicated cultivar specificity, except for firmicutes (7 in AR and 4 in PR), the distribution of taxonomic class alphaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria, bacteroidetes, and actinobacteria was almost similar. Gram-positive class was dominated by firmicutes and Gram-negative by alphaproteobacteria in both cultivars. On contrary, the collective functional profile for the production of hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and siderophore, apart from phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid production, indicated the dominance of endophytes from AR (multi-disease tolerant hybrid). The pattern of antagonistic ability against 15 different strains of R. solanacearum indicated that endophytes from tolerant cultivar exhibit higher in vitro suppression. The number of antagonists and the extent of inhibition both were higher in AR endophytes. However, the genetic capability for harboring eight antimicrobial compounds producing genes was found to be well distributed in both cultivars. Results showed that the functional aspects of these bacterial endophytes correlate with cultivar fitness more than that of taxonomic and genetic diversity. Graphic abstract
Keywords Endophytes · Functional diversity · Taxonomic diversity · Cultivar fitness · Ralstonia solanacearum Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Introduction Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating pathogen across the globe causing bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops (Yabuuchi et al. 1995). R. solanacearum is a vascular pathogen which produces profuse exopolysaccharides and wilts the host plant. Control using agrochemicals is still a challenge. Therefore, biocontrol can be a successful option (Ongena and Jacques 2008). Several biocontrol agents were tested against R. solanacearum (Wei et al. 2011); however, success in field conditions is yet to be achieved. The plant endosphere inhabiting microorganisms have great potential in the search for new antimicrobials (Wicaksono et al. 2018; Sahu et al. 2019). Ex
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