Taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands IV: subgenus Anisonemoides secti
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ISSN: 0075-5974 (print) ISSN: 1874-933X (electronic)
Taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands IV: subgenus Anisonemoides section Pseudogomphidium and incertae sedis Hélène Ralimanana1
& Stuart Cable2
Summary. This paper is the fourth part of the taxonomic revision of the genus Phyllanthus in Madagascar and the
Comoro Islands. Here we treat Pseudogomphidium Ralim. & Cable sect. nov. consisting of nine species that we misplaced in the subgenus Gomphidium (Baill.) G.L.Webster in our previous paper. Two species are new to science: Phyllanthus razakamalalae Ralim. & Cable, sp. nov. and P. ankirindrensis Ralim. & Cable, sp. nov. We also treat three unplaced species: P. analamerae Leandri, P. coluteoides Müll.Arg. and P. vergens Baill. An identification key, descriptions, distribution maps and IUCN Red List assessments are provided. Key Words. IUCN Red List, Phyllanthus ankirindrensis, Phyllanthus razakamalalae, taxonomy.
Introduction Phyllanthus is one of the largest genera of plants known from Madagascar with 52 native species. It is often neglected by botanists because of complex taxonomy and difficulty in identifying species due to the small flowers. The revision of Malagasy Phyllanthus by the lead author delimits nine other subgenera as detailed in three papers prior to this one (Ralimanana & Hoffmann 2011; Ralimanana et al. 2013, and Ralimanana & Hoffmann 2014). The first gave a general synopsis of the genus in the region and treated four subgenera in detail: Isocladus G.L.Webster, Betsileani (Jean F.Brunel) Ralim. & Petra Hoffm., Kirganelia (A.Juss.) G.L.Webster and Tenellanthus Jean F.Brunel (Ralimanana & Hoffmann 2011). The second paper treated subgenera: Anisonemoides (Jean F.Brunel) Ralim. & Petra Hoffm. and Menarda (Comm. ex A.Juss.) Ralim. & Petra Hoffm. (Ralimanana & Hoffmann 2014). The third paper dealt with subgenera: Swartziani (G.L.Webster) Ralim. & Petra Hoffm., Afroswartziani Ralim. & Petra Hoffm. and Emblica (Gaertn.) G.L.Webster (Ralimanana et al. 2013). This paper is the last in the series of the systematic revision of Phyllanthus L. in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Phyllanthus is the most diverse genus in the family Phyllanthaceae (Hoffman et al. 2006). Floral characters are very important in species and subgenus identification, but species can be morphologically variable, and many characters are shared with closely related genera
(e.g. Meineckia Baill. and Flueggea Willd.). The generic delimitation of Phyllanthus has long been debated in the literature and classification of species remains a challenge. Presently Phyllanthus i s b r o a d ly circumscribed to contain several segregate genera including Glochidion J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., Breynia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. and Sauropus Blume, and is a member of tribe Phyllantheae Dumort. (Hoffmann et al. 2006), the largest and most difficult group in Phyllanthaceae sensu APG (Hoffmann & McPherson 2003; Hoffmann et al. 2006), formerly Euphorbiaceae subfamily Phyllanthoideae. Some Malagasy Phyllanthus were ori
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