Teacher Education in America Reform Agendas for the Twenty-First Cen
Teacher Education in America is a thought-provoking analysis of the major issues and problems surrounding teacher preparation. Christopher Lucas offers valuable insights into this ongoing debate. Including an illuminating account of the history of teacher
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TEACHER EDUCATION IN AMERICA Reform Agendas for the Twenty-First Century
Christopher J. Lucas
St. Martin's Press New York
TEACHER EDUCATION IN AMERICA Copyright © 1997, 1999 by ChristopherJ. Lucas
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information, address St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. ISBN 978-0-312-22454-7
DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-07269-6
ISBN 978-1-137-07269-6 (eBook)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lucas, Christopher J. Teacher education in America: reform agendas for the 21st century I Christopher J. Lucas p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Teachers-Training of-United States. 2. Educational change-United States I. Title. LB1715.L73 1997 96-35421 370.71'0973-dcZO CIP Book design by Acme Art, Inc. First edition: March 1997 First paperback edition: August 1999 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS Acknowledgments
vii
Preface . . . . . .
. ix PART I.
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1.
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Colonial Schoolmasters I Early Teacher Licensure I Antebellum Teachers I The Common-School Crusade I Feminization of the Teaching Force I Advocacy for Formal Teacher Preparation I Teachers' Institutes I Normal Schools I Controversy and Conflict I University Teacher Training
2.
TEACHER PREPARATION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
Teacher Certification I From Normal Schools to State Teachers' Colleges I Teacher Preparation in the Universities I The Continuing Quest for Academic Legitimacy I Postwar Critics I The Miseducation of American Teachers I The Conant Report I Fads and Fashions: The Rhetoric of Teacher-Education Reform I Deja Vu PART II.
THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT 3.
ISSUES OLD AND NEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Market Constraints on Teacher Education I Historical Traditions of Thought and Practice in Teacher Preparation I Criteria Governing Entry into Teaching I General Learning for Teachers I The Teaching
95
vi
Teacher Education in America Major I The Professional Component in Teacher Education: Methods Courses I The Teacher Effectiveness Question I Alternative Views I Student Teaching and School Culture I Changing the Teacher Workplace I Teaching as a Profession
4.
STRUCTURAL ALTERNATIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Calls for Extended Preservice Teacher Education I Arguments Pro and Con I The Carnegie and Holmes Group Initiatives I Reactions and Responses I Further Criticism I Professional Development Partnerships I Alternative and Site-Based Programs I The Goodlad Project I Assessing Options
5.
ACCREDITATION AND CERTIFICATION STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 State Influence and Control over Teacher Preparation I State Standards for Teacher Licensure and Certification I Testing Teacher Candidates I C
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