Techniques and applications for soccer video analysis: A survey
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Techniques and applications for soccer video analysis: A survey Carlos Cuevas1
´ 1 · Narciso Garc´ıa1 · Daniel Quilon
Received: 11 July 2019 / Revised: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nowadays, soccer is the most popular sport in our society, followed by millions of people. Consequently, many video analysis applications have been developed in the last years to provide information that can be useful for viewers, referees, coaches and players. Some of these applications are focused on specific tasks, such as detecting players, segmenting the field of play, or registering the broadcast images. On the other hand, there are applications aimed at performing tasks of a higher level, such as event detection or game analysis. Here, the most meaningful techniques and applications that have been proposed throughout the last two decades to analyze soccer video sequences are surveyed. The aim of the paper is not to compare the existing techniques, but to represent a comprehensive and organized showcase for the state-of-the-art in the field: as such, it provides a thorough review of the existing types of soccer analysis applications and the techniques used in each one of them, along with the apparent recent technical trends identified from the most recent works, and discuses the challenges in soccer analysis that still remain unsolved. Keywords Soccer · Football · Survey · Review · Overview · State-of-the-art · FIFA · Application · Method · Strategy · Event detection · Player tracking · Ball tracking · Game analysis · Team performance
1 Introduction Currently, soccer is the most popular sport in the world [9], with more than 265 million players in more than 200 countries [141] and with the largest television audience in terms of sports. Thanks to this great popularity and to the technological advances produced in the last decade, in recent years, numerous artificial vision applications have been proposed
This work has been partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci´on y Universidades (AEI/FEDER) of the Spanish Government under project TEC2016-75981 (IVME). Carlos Cuevas
[email protected] 1
Grupo de Tratamiento de Im´agenes (GTI), Information Processing and Telecommunications Center and ETSI Telecomunicaci´on, Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
Multimedia Tools and Applications
to carry out the automatic analysis of soccer matches. Additionally, these applications are increasingly demanded by the audience, referees, coaches, and players. These applications cover a wide range of techniques with very varied uses, such as, for example: the detection and tracking of players [2] or the ball [16], the collection of match statistics (e.g., the distance covered by players, the speed of a player during a given move, etc.) [10], or the detection of events (e.g., outside positions, goal scoring, etc.) [65]. Although many of these applications are able to provide successful results, typically they do not perf
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