Techniques in Mineral Exploration

For some years I have felt there was a need for a single, comprehen­ sive, reference book on exploration geology. Numerous textbooks are available on subjects such as geophysical prospecting, exploration geochemistry, mining geology, photogeology and gene

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Techniques in Mineral Exploration

J. H. REEDMAN B.Se., M.Phil., M.I.M.M. Noranda Exploration Company Ltd, Winnipeg, Canada

APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD LONDON

APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD RIPPLE ROAD, BARKING, ESSEX, ENGLAND

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Reedman, J H Techniques in mineral exploration. 1. Prospecting I. Title 622'.1'024553 TN270

ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9229-0

e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9227-6

001: 10.1007/978-94-009-9227-6 WITH 56 TABLES AND 213 ILLUSTRATIONS

© APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 1979 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1979

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Applied Science Publishers Ltd, Ripple Road, Barking, Essex, England

Preface

For some years I have felt there was a need for a single, comprehensive, reference book on exploration geology. Numerous textbooks are available on subjects such as geophysical prospecting, exploration geochemistry, mining geology, photogeology and general economic geology, but, for the geologist working in mineral exploration, who does not require a specialist's knowledge, a general book on exploration techniques is needed. Many undergraduate university courses tend to neglect economic geology and few deal with the more practical aspects in any detail. Graduate geologists embarking on a career in economic geology or mineral exploration are therefore often poorly equipped and have to learn a considerable amount 'on the job'. By providing a book that includes material which can be found in some of the standard texts together with a number of practical aspects not to be found elsewhere, I hope that both recent graduates and more experienced exploration geologists will find it a useful reference work and manual. In addition, students of economic geology and personnel working in related fields in the mining and mineral extraction industries will find it informative.

J. H.

v

REEDMAN

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Dr K. Fletcher, geochemist with the Department of Geology, University of British Columbia, and Kari Savario, geophysicist with Finnish Technical Aid to Zambia, for reading the original drafts and offering constructive criticism and advice on the chapters on geochemical and geophysical prospecting respectively. The following organizations are thanked for allowing figures and drawings, which have appeared in their various publications, to be copied: The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, The Society of Exploration Geophysicists, The European Association of Exploration Geophysicists, The Society of Mining Engineers of A.I.M.E., and the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Hunting Surveys Ltd kindly supplied an illustration of a seismic survey in the North Sea, Hunting Geology and Geophysics Ltd provided an excellent example of an SLAR image, and Spectral Africa Pt