Techno-economic analysis of two dimensional optical code division multiple access systems
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Techno‑economic analysis of two dimensional optical code division multiple access systems Waqas A. Imtiaz1 · Hassan Yousef2 · Median Zeghid3 · Teena Sharma4 · Jawad Mirza5 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper undertakes the ancillary topic of relation between the transmission capacity of two dimensional optical code division multiple (2D-OCDMA) systems and its economic aspects. A new code called 2D double weight zero cross-correlation (2D-DZCC) is developed and implemented in both spectral-spatial and spectral-temporal 2D-OCDMA systems for a comprehensive techno-economic analysis. In order to determine the most efficient network architecture in terms of system capacity and cost, both models are evaluated for allowed bandwidth in terms of data, and reach. The technological analysis is followed by investigation of capital expenditure (CAPEX) for both architectures in terms of the cost incurred on network components between the transmitter and receiver modules. Evaluation of both models demonstrates that spectral-temporal OCDMA system tends to provide relatively same transmission capacity with ≈ 70% reduced cost of implementation in comparison with the spectral-spatial system. Consequently, making spectral-spatial systems most suitable for the deployment of passive optical network (PON) at the low cost access domain. Keywords Two-dimensional · Optical code division multiple access · Spectral-spatial · Spectral-temporal · Techno-economic analysis
* Waqas A. Imtiaz [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Jalozai Campus, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
2
Electrical Engineering Department, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al‑Kharj, Saudi Arabia
3
Electronics and Micro‑Electronics Laboratory (E. µ. E. L), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
4
Department of Applied Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi (UQAC), Quebec, Canada
5
Electrical Engineering Department, HITEC University, Taxila, Pakistan
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1 Introduction The last two decades have witnessed major advances in enabling technologies that have led to the acceptability of optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems in the passive optical network (PON) community. However, adaptability of a complete OCDMA networks at the last mile section is yet incomplete owing to the high-cost of deployment (Aguilar-Torrentera et al. 2016; Saleh and Simmons 2012). This is because, performance of the conventional low-cost one dimensional (1D)-OCDMA architectures primarily depends on bandwidth efficiency of optical codes that is closely related with error probability behavior of the optical code in large cardinality systems, as well as the code length. However, due to uni-polar properties of broadband source (BBS), length of 1D OCDMA codes should be large enough to increase the number of simultaneous users. This makes the system mor
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