Technology and the Environment in State-Socialist Hungary An Economi
This book explains how and why the state-socialist regime in Hungary used technology and propaganda to foster industrialization and the conservation of natural resources simultaneously. Further, this book explains why this process was ultimately a failure
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TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN STATE-SOCIALIST HUNGARY AnEconomic History
Technology and the Environment in State-Socialist Hungary
Viktor Pál
Technology and the Environment in State-Socialist Hungary An Economic History
Viktor Pál University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
ISBN 978-3-319-63831-7 ISBN 978-3-319-63832-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-63832-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017948702 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: Photo: FORTEPAN/MORVAY KINGA Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To Patrícia and Szilvia
Acknowledgements
I am grateful for the many people and institutions who have helped me to carry on and complete this work. Without my supervisors this work could not have been finished. Dr. Petri Juuti, Prof. Pertti Haapala at the University of Tampere and external adviser Prof. Ivan T. Berend at UCLA supported me with constructive criticism and kind generosity. My colleagues at the University of Tampere, UCLA, University of Tallinn, University of Antwerp, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, New Europe College in Bucharest, and in the Network for the Environmental History of Dictatorships and later in the Interdisciplinary Hub for the Study of the Environment and Authoritarian Regimes supported me with comments and encouragement. I also wish to thank various institutions and individuals for their moral and financial support. My parents and grandparents. The University of Miskolc and the University of Tampere were outstanding alma maters. The City of Miskolc, the State of Finland, the Center for International Mobility in
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