Technology Missions
ARGOS (also referred to as P91–1) is a large DoD research and development satellite mission, managed by the Tri-Service Space Division at Kirtland AFB (SMC/TE), Albuquerque, NM. It is part of the DoD Space Test Program (STP) with the objective to demonstr
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH ONLINE LIBRARY
http://www.springer.de/engine/
Herbert J. Kramer
Observation of the Earth and Its Environment Survey of Missions and Sensors With 522 figures and 857 tables
~Springer
Dr. Herbert J. Kramer
Gautinger Strasse 7 Gilching Germany
82205
e-mail: [email protected]
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com
ISBN 978-3-642-56294-5 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-642-62688-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-56294-5 Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Kramer, Herbert J.: Observation of the earth and its environment: survey of missions and sensors ; with 857 tables 1 Herbert J. Kramer. - 4· ed .. - Berlin ; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milano; Paris; Tokyo : Springer, 2002 (Engineering online library) This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2002. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 4th edition 2002 http://www.springer.de
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Coverdesign: MEDIO AG, Berlin Typesetting: Digital data supplied by author SPIN:
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Deutsches Zentrum fiir Loft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (German Aerospace Center)
This documentation, in particular all previous editions, were made possible with the resources and support of the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD). My special thanks go to DLR/DFD for the opportunity to complete the 4th edition.
This book is again dedicated to my wife Mechtild and to our daughters Monika, Ursula and Mechtild. My family provided unequivocal support in my long-term book-writing efforts. It is the reason why this edition could be completed.
Table of Contents Foreword and Acknowledgements of the 4th Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
Earth Observation Short-History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
1.1
Sensor/Technology Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Concepts in Optical Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Microwave Region, Active Observations (Radars) . . . . . . . . . . . .
