Temperature Effects on Failure of Rotating Beam of Hybrid Composite
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE—PEER-REVIEWED
Temperature Effects on Failure of Rotating Beam of Hybrid Composite Getahun Aklilu . Glen Bright . Sarp Adali
Submitted: 13 February 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Fiber-reinforced polymer materials are widely used in the design and manufacture of rotating structures like robot arms, wind turbine blades and helicopter blades. This is due to their high specific strength and stiffness, lightweight and ease to manufacture the complex parts of structures such as airfoils. In the present study, thermal effects on the failure of a rotating hybrid beam are studied. The beam is modeled as a composite laminate with the top and bottom layers made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic and the middle layer glass fiber-reinforced plastic. The cost of carbon fiber is about ten times more than glass fiber and the hybrid arrangement of fiber reinforcements leads to a cost-effective design. Four different stacking sequences are investigated, namely [0/30/0]S, [0/45/0]S, [0/60/0]S and [0/ 0/0]S. To determine the failure limits of non-hybrid and hybrid rotating beams under thermal loads, Tsai–Wu failure criterion is implemented. Numerical results indicate that the failure index increases with increasing angular speed and temperature as expected. As the thicknesses of the carbon fiber layers increase, the failure index decreases which can lead to a longer service life. By using the minimum amount of the more expensive carbon fibers in the outer layers and less expensive glass fibers in the middle layer, the cost of the hybrid beam can be reduced and a cost-effective beam design under thermal loading can be achieved. G. Aklilu (&) G. Bright S. Adali Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa e-mail: [email protected] G. Bright e-mail: [email protected] S. Adali e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Thermal effects Rotating beam Carbon-glass fiber composite Micromechanics Tsai–Wu failure criterion Failure index
Introduction Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials such as unidirectional carbon/epoxy, glass/epoxy and hybrid of these two materials have been used extensively in aerospace, automotive and military industries, for sports equipment, in marine applications and wind turbine blade structures. This is due to their high specific strength, high specific stiffness, low weight, longer fatigue life and corrosion resistance properties [1]. Rotating structures such as wind turbine blades, helicopter blades and robot arms operate at high rotational speeds and are often exposed to elevated temperatures during their life cycle [2–5]. It is necessary to determine the mechanical properties of FRP composite materials with respect to thermal load and rotational speeds before using for structural applications. Performances of composite structures are governed by the response of their constituents, namely fiber, matrix and the fiber/matrix interface to the particular operating environments [6–8]. The epoxy resin used as a binder for high t
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