Temporal patterns of induced seismicity in Oklahoma revealed from multi-station template matching
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Temporal patterns of induced seismicity in Oklahoma revealed from multi-station template matching Robert J. Skoumal & Michael R. Brudzinski & Brian S. Currie & Rosamiel Ries
Received: 22 April 2019 / Accepted: 13 August 2019 # This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2019
Abstract Over the past decade, Oklahoma became the most seismically active region of the midContinental USA as a result of industry operations. H o w e v e r, s e i s m i c n e t w o r k l i m i t a t i o n s a n d
Highlights •We increased the number of cataloged earthquakes in Oklahoma between 2008 and 2016 by roughly an order of magnitude •This improved catalog allows individual sequences and regional seismicity patterns to be analyzed in greater detail •We find more foreshock activity prior to M ≥ 5 earthquakes, pervasive swarminess, and high coefficients of variation Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-019-09864-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. R. J. Skoumal (*) U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Science Center, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA e-mail: [email protected] M. R. Brudzinski : B. S. Currie : R. Ries Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 118 Shideler Hall, 250 S. Patterson Ave., Oxford, OH 45056, USA
M. R. Brudzinski e-mail: [email protected]
completeness of earthquake catalogs have restricted the types of analyses that can be performed. By applying multi-station template matching on the 23,889 cataloged earthquakes in Oklahoma and Southern Kansas between late-2008 and 2016, we increased the number of detected earthquakes to 209,409 events. While the improved catalog produced an order of magnitude events than the original catalog, the frequency-magnitude distribution remains similar to the original catalog. We found that the coefficient of variation of interevent times in small spatial bins tends to spatially correlate with the location of M ≥ 4 earthquakes. The improved catalog reveals the pervasiveness of swarm-like patterns in seismicity across the entire study region. The rapid increase in seismicity rate of these swarms in 2013 coincided with a reduction in the calculated p values (power law decay rates) before and after larger events. We also used the catalog to revisit the temporal patterns in the four M ≥ 5 sequences, finding more active foreshock behavior than previously recognized and variations in aftershock behavior. When compared against poroelastic stress models for the Pawnee and Fairview sequences, the catalog shows an improved correlation with stress that accounts for variable-rate injection, supporting the conclusion that injection rate is an important contributor to seismic hazard.
B. S. Currie e-mail: [email protected] R. Ries e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Induced seismicity . Template matching . Oklahoma
J Seismol
1 Introduction Between 1975 an
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