Temporary materials: comparison of in vivo and in vitro performance
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Temporary materials: comparison of in vivo and in vitro performance Tuğrul Sari 1 & Aslihan Usumez 2 & Thomas Strasser 3 & Abdurrahman Şahinbas 4 & Martin Rosentritt 3 Received: 11 April 2019 / Accepted: 8 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective The aim of this investigation was to compare clinical performance and in vitro wear of temporary CAD/CAM and cartridge crowns. This study is an approach to estimate the influence of in vivo use and laboratory simulation on temporary crowns. Materials and methods A total of 90 crowns were fabricated from each temporary CAD/CAM or cartridge material. Also, 10 crowns of each material were clinically applied for 14 days, and 80 identical duplicate restorations were investigated in the laboratory after storage in water (14 days; 37 °C) and subsequent thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML, 240.000 × 50N ML, 600 × 5°C/55 °C). After in vivo application or in vitro aging, facture force, superficial wear (mean and maximum), surface roughness (Ra, Rz), thermal weight loss (TGA), and heat of reaction (DSC) were determined for all crowns. Statistics: Bonferroni post hoc test; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); α = 0.05). Results The fracture resistance of the temporary materials varied between 1196.4 (CAD in vivo) and 1598.3 N (cartridge crown in vitro). Mean (maximum) wear data between 204.7 (386.7 μm; cartridge in vitro) and 353.0 μm (621.8 μm; CAD in vitro) were found. Ra values ranged between 4.4 and 4.9 μm and Rz values between 36.0 and 40.8 μm. DSC and TG analysis revealed small differences between the materials but a strong influence of the aging process. Conclusions Comparison of in vivo and in vitro aging led to no significant differences in fracture force and wear but differences in roughness, DSC, and TGA. SEM evaluation confirmed comparability. Comparison of CAD/CAM and cartridge temporary materials partially showed significant differences. Clinical relevance In vitro aging methods might be helpful to estimate materials’ properties before principal clinical application. CAD/CAM and cartridge temporary materials provided comparable good clinical performance. Keywords Temporary materials . Provisional materials . In vitro testing . In vivo investigation . TCML . Roughness . Wear . Fracture force
Introduction Temporary restorations are regularly required before the delivery of fixed prosthetic restorations. The restorations protect prepared teeth from chemical or thermal influences, maintain
* Martin Rosentritt [email protected] 1
Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg University Medical Center, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
4
Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey
function and aesthetics, and shape marginal gingival areas [1, 2]. Temporary restorations can be fabricated with conv
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